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47 views

Chapter 2 Part 2

Uploaded by

kazumayemi
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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You are on page 1/ 57

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

DET20033
Prepared by: Wan Aishah Binti Yusoff
Revised by: Juliana Binti Nawawi
SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Chapter 2
What you already learn about in
previous class?

Ac Basic Circuit
Purely
Resistive
Circuit

AC
Basic
Circuits
Purely Purely
Capacitive Inductive
Circuit Circuit
What type of circuit?
PURELY RESISTIVE CIRCUIT

What is the relationship between


voltage and current for this circuit?
IN PHASE WITH EACH OTHER
How much the phase angle
for the impedance / resistor?
0°
What type of circuit?
PURELY INDUCTIVE CIRCUIT

What is the relationship between


voltage and current for this circuit?
CURRENT LAGS VOLTAGE
How much the phase angle
for the impedance / inductor?
90°
What type of circuit?
PURELY CAPACITIVE CIRCUIT

What is the relationship between


voltage and current for this circuit?
CURRENT LEADS VOLTAGE
How much the phase angle
for the impedance / resistor?
-90°
Learning outcomes
• Apply the circuit with inductive and
capacitive load
THE CIRCUIT WITH INDUCTIVE
AND CAPACITIVE LOAD
The Circuit With Inductive And Capacitive Load

R-L SERIES CIRCUIT


R-L Series Circuit
• In an AC series circuit containing inductance L and
resistance R, the applied voltage V is the phasor sum of
VR and VL

• Thus the current I lags the applied voltage V by an angle


lying between 0◦ and 90◦ (depending on the values of VR
and VL), shown as angle Φ.

• In any AC series circuit the current is common to each


component and is thus taken as the reference phasor.
Resistor, R Inductor, L R-L Circuit

Voltage, V

Impedance, Z R

Current

Phase Angle

True Power, P

Reactive Power, Q

Apparent Power, S
Example 1
• A series circuit consists of R=20Ω,
L=20mH, and an AC supply of 60V with
f=100Hz. Calculate;
– the current
– the voltage across R
– the voltage across L
– the phase angle of current with respect to the
supply voltage.
Solution Of Example 1
Given
Where

– the current
Solution Of Example 1
Given
Where

– the voltage across R

– the voltage across L

– the phase angle of current with respect to the supply voltage


Solution Of Example 1
using complex number
Given
Where
Exercise 2.2 / Page 57 / Q2
A coil of inductance 80 mH and resistance
60 Ω is connected to a 200V, 100 Hz supply.
Calculate;
• the circuit impedance
• the current taken from the supply
• the phase angle between the current and
the supply voltage.
Solution Of Question No. 2
Given:
L=80mH, R=60𝛺, V=200V, f=100Hz
1) Circuit impedance

2) Current taken from supply


I=
3)Phase angle
Solution Of Question No. 2
using complex number
Given:
L=80mH, R=60𝛺, V=200V, f=100Hz
Exercise 2.3 / Page 63 / Q4
• An alternating voltage v=250 sin 800t volts is
applied across a series circuit containing a 30 Ω
resistor and 100mH inductor. Calculate;
– the circuit impedance
– the current flowing
– the p.d. across the resistor
– the p.d. across the inductor
– the phase angle between voltage and current
Exercise 2.3 / Page 63 / Q4
• An alternating voltage v=250 sin 800t volts is applied
across a series circuit containing a 30 Ω resistor and
100mH inductor.
Exercise 2.3 / Page 63 / Q4
• An alternating voltage v=250 sin 800t volts is applied across a
series circuit containing a 30 Ω resistor and 100mH inductor.
Exercise 2.3 / Page 63 / Q4
• An alternating voltage v=250 sin 800t volts is applied across a
series circuit containing a 30 Ω resistor and 100mH inductor.
Solution Of Question No. 4
Given:
C=50µF, R=30𝛺, Vpeak=250V,
1) Circuit impedance

2) Current flowing
I=
3) The p.d across resistor
Solution Of Question No. 4
4) The p.d across resistor

5)Phase angle
The Circuit With Inductive And Capacitive Load

R-C SERIES CIRCUIT


R-C Series Circuit
• In an AC series circuit containing capacitance C
and resistance R, the applied voltage V is the
phasor sum of VR and VC

• Thus the current I leads the applied voltage V by


an angle lying between 0◦ and 90◦ (depending
on the values of VR and VC), shown as angle α.
Circuit Diagram Phasor Diagram

Voltage Triangle Impedance Triangle


Resistor, R Capacitor, C R-C Circuit
Voltage, V
Impedance, Z R -

Current
Phase Angle
True Power, P
Reactive Power, Q
Apparent Power, S
Example 2
• A series RC circuit consists of R=47Ω,
C=10µF, and an AC supply of 100V with
f=300Hz. Calculate;
– the current
– the voltage across R
– the voltage across C
– the phase angle of current with respect to the
supply voltage.
Solution Of Example 2
Given
Where

– the current
Solution Of Example 2

Given
Where

– the voltage across R

– the voltage across C

– the phase angle of current with respect to the supply voltage


Solution Of Example 2 using
complex number
Given
Where
Exercise 2.4 / Page 67 / Q1
• A 40 μF capacitor in series with a coil of
resistance 8 Ω and inductance 80mH is
connected to a 200V, 100 Hz supply. Calculate;
– the circuit impedance [13.18 Ω]
– the current flowing [15.17A]
– the phase angle between voltage and current
[52.63◦ lagging]
– the voltage across the coil [772.1V]
– the voltage across the capacitor [603.6V]
Solution Of Question No. 1
Given:
C=40µF, R=8𝛺, L=80mH, V=200V, f=100 Hz

1) The circuit impedance


2) Current flowing

3) The phase angle

4) The voltage across the coil

5) The voltage across the capacitor


The Circuit With Inductive And Capacitive Load

R-L-C SERIES CIRCUIT


R-L-C Series Circuit
• The phase relationship between the
supply voltage VS and the circuit current IS
depends on the relative values of
inductance and capacitance, and whether
the inductive reactance (XL) is greater or
less than the capacitive reactance (XC).
R-L-C Series Circuit
• VC and VL are in anti-phase to each other due to their 90°
leading and lagging relationship with the circuit current
(IS).
• As VL and VC directly oppose each other, a resulting
voltage is created, which will be the difference between
VC and VL.
• This is called the REACTIVE VOLTAGE and its value
can be calculated by simply subtracting VC from VL.
When When When

Voltage, V
and and

Impedance, Z
and and

Current

When XL = XC, the applied voltage V and the current I are in phase.
This effect is called series resonance.
True Power, P
Reactive Power, Q
Apparent Power, S
Example 3
• A series RLC circuit consists of R=33Ω,
L=50mH, C=10 F, and an AC supply of
75V with f=200Hz. Calculate;
– The current, I
– Voltage across resistor VR
– Voltage across inductor VL
– Voltage across capacitor VC
– The phase angle of current with respect to
the supply voltage.
Solution Of Example 3
Given
Where

Based on the calculation above we can see that

– the current
Solution Of Example 3

Given
Where

– the voltage across R

– The voltage across L


Solution Of Example 3

Given
Where

– the voltage across C

– the phase angle of current with respect to the supply


voltage

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