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Function Overloading

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9 views15 pages

Function Overloading

Uploaded by

niloypandit.1408
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSE 107: OBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Made by : Dr. Tanzima Hashem


FUNCTION OVERLOADING
🞆Two or more functions can share the same name as long as either
⚫ The type of their arguments differs, or
⚫ The number of their arguments differs, or
⚫ Both of the above

🞆The compiler will automatically select the correct version

🞆The return type alone is not a sufficient difference to allow function


overloading

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FUNCTION OVERLOADING
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class printData {
public:
void print(int i) {
cout << "Printing int: " << i << endl;
}
void print(double f) {
cout << "Printing float: " << f << endl;
}
void print(char* c) {
cout << "Printing character: " << c << endl;
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}
};
FUNCTION OVERLOADING
int main(void) {
printData pd;

// Call print to print integer


pd.print(5); Printing int: 5
Printing float: 500.263
// Call print to print float Printing character: Hello C++
pd.print(500.263);

// Call print to print character


pd.print("Hello C++");

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return 0;
}
FUNCTION OVERLOADING
int sum (int x, int y)
{
cout << x+y;
}

double sum(double x, double y)


{
cout << x+y;
}
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FUNCTION OVERLOADING
int sum (int x, int y)
{
cout << x+y;
}

int sum(int x, int y, int z)


{
cout << x+y+z;
}
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FUNCTION OVERLOADING
// This is incorrect and will not compile.
int f1 (int a);
double f1 (int a);
.
.
.
f1(10) //which function does the computer call???

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OVERLOADING CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTIONS
🞆It is possible to overload constructors, but destructors cannot be overloaded

🞆Three main reasons to overload a constructor function


⚫ To gain flexibility
⚫ To support arrays
⚫ To create copy constructors

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OVERLOADING CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTIONS
🞆Overloading constructor functions also allows the programmer to select the
most convenient method to create objects
⚫ Date d1(22, 9, 2007); // uses Date( int d, int m, int y )
⚫ Date d2(“22-Sep-2007”); // uses Date( char* str )

🞆There must be a constructor function for each way that an object of a class will
be created, otherwise compile-time error occurs
🞆Let, we want to write
⚫ MyClass ob1, ob2(10);
🞆Then MyClass should have the following two constructors (it may have more)
⚫ MyClass ( ) { … }
⚫ MyClass ( int n ) { … }
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🞆Whenever we write a constructor in a class, the compiler does not supply the
default no argument constructor automatically
OVERLOADING CONSTRUCTOR FUNCTIONS
🞆No argument constructor is also necessary for declaring arrays of objects
without any initialization
⚫ MyClass array1[5];
// uses MyClass () { … } for each element

🞆But with the help of an overloaded constructor, we can also initialize the
elements of an array while declaring it
⚫ MyClass array2[3] = {1, 2, 3}
// uses MyClass ( int n ) { … } for each element

🞆As dynamic arrays of objects cannot be initialized, the class must have a no
argument constructor to avoid compiler error while creating dynamic arrays
using “new”. 10
USING DEFAULT ARGUMENTS
🞆 Related to function overloading
⚫ Essentially a shorthand form of function overloading

🞆 Allows to give a parameter a default value when no corresponding argument is


specified when the function is called
⚫ void f1(int a = 0, int b = 0) { … }
⚫ It can now be called in three different ways
🞆f1(); // inside f1() ‘a’ is ‘0’ and b is ‘0’
🞆f1(10); // inside f1() ‘a’ is ‘10’ and b is ‘0’
🞆f1(10, 99); // inside f1() ‘a’ is ‘10’ and b is ‘99’
⚫ We cannot give ‘b’ a new (non-default) value without specifying a new value for ‘a’
⚫ While specifying non-default values, we have to start from the leftmost parameter
and move to the right one by one
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USING DEFAULT ARGUMENTS
🞆Default arguments must be specified only once: either in the function’s
prototype or in its definition

🞆All default parameters must be to the right of any parameters that don’t have
defaults
⚫ void f2(int a, int b = 0); // no problem
⚫ void f3(int a, int b = 0, int c = 5); // no problem
⚫ void f4(int a = 1, int b); // compiler error

🞆Default arguments must be constants or global variables.


🞆Default arguments cannot be local variables or other parameters
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USING DEFAULT ARGUMENTS
🞆Relation between default arguments and function overloading
⚫ void f1( int a = 0, int b = 0 ) { … }
⚫ It acts as the same way as the following overloaded functions –
🞆void f2( ) { int a = 0, b = 0; … }
🞆void f2( int a ) { int b = 0; … }
🞆void f2( int a, int b ) { … }
🞆Constructor functions can also have default arguments

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OVERLOADING AND AMBIGUITY
🞆Due to automatic type conversion rules
🞆Example 1:
⚫ void f1( float f ) { … }
⚫ void f1( double d ) { … }
⚫ float x = 10.09;
⚫ double y = 10.09;
⚫ f1(x); // unambiguous – use f1(float)
⚫ f1(y); // unambiguous – use f1(double)
⚫ f1(10); // ambiguous, compiler error
🞆Because integer ‘10’ can be promoted to both “float” and “double”.

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OVERLOADING AND AMBIGUITY
🞆Due to the use of default arguments
🞆Example 3:
⚫ void f3( int a ) { … }
⚫ void f3(int a, int b = 0){…}
⚫ f3(10, 20); // unambiguous – calls f3(int, int)
⚫ f3(10); // ambiguous, compiler error

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