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Sexual Reproduction

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Lawrence AnDrew Fronda
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8 views

Sexual Reproduction

Uploaded by

Lawrence AnDrew Fronda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sexual Reproduction

– is the type of reproduction that involves two


parents (male and female) to produce new
individuals.
- It involves two gametes, the sperm cell (from
males) and the egg cell (from females).
Fertilization
– process where the sperm and egg cell unite, this
union produces a zygote

* The hereditary information from each gamete is


combined, which results in individuals that are quite
different from the parents.
Sexual
Reproduction in
Plants
FLOWERS – are the reproductive parts in
angiosperm (flowering plants)
ACCESSORY ORGANS – not directly involved in
reproduction. Their function is to protect and
attract possible pollinators (e.g,. Some insects and
birds)

REPRODUCTIVE PARTS – directly involved in


reproduction. These are composed of the stamen
and pistil.
Parts of a Flower
PERIANTH – is the outer part of the flower
• Corolla – made up of petals (colorful modified leaves in
the flower)

- bright color of the corolla attracts some insects


and birds for pollination. It protects the inner part of the
flower.

• Calyx – made up of sepals (modified leaves that protect


and enclose the flower especially during the bud stage)
ANDROECIUM – collective name for the stamen

Stamen - male reproductive part of the flower, it contains


the anther and the filament
Anther – contains the pollen grains, which have the sperm
cells
Filament – holds the anther ( it also has the vascular
bundle, which transport sucrose to provide nutrients
needed for cell division.
STAMEN
GYNOECIUM – collective name for the pistil

Pistil – female reproductive part of the flower. It contains the


stigma, the style and the ovary.
Stigma – located at the tip of the pistil; the hairy part where pollen
grains are received. It also secretes a sugary fluid to stimulate the
germination of pollen grains.
Style – serves as a bridge from the stigma to the ovary.
Ovary – where ovules are located
Ovules – contain the egg cell
PISTIL
POLLINATION – is the transfer of pollen grains from the
anther to the stigma.
SELF-POLLINATION – is the transfer of pollen grains from
the anther to the stigma of the same flower.
CROSS-POLLINATION – is the transfer of the pollen grains from the anther
of one flower to the stigma of another flower.

* Only happens in the flowers of the same species; needs pollinators (e.g.,
Wind and Insects (vectors that help transfer pollen)
FERTILIZATION
After pollination:
1. Pollen grains germinate in response to the sugary fluid secreted by
the stigma.
2. Pollen tube grows from each pollen grain
3. Pollen tube secretes an enzyme to digest the surrounding tissue of
the stigma and the style.
4. Pollen tube penetrates right through the styles
5. Pollen tube then enters the ovary.
6.Degenerative nucleus divides to form two male gametes
7. Sap and bursts release two male gametes
8. One gamete fuses with the ovum to form a zygote (it will divide
and develop into an embryo in a seed)
Sexual
Reproduction
in Animals
Two types of Fertilization

External Fertilization – occurs outside the body of


the organism.
Ex. Fishes and amphibians

Internal Fertilization – occurs inside the female’s


body. The male insert the sperm into the female.
The zygote, after the egg’s fertilization, could
develop either inside or outside the female’s body.
Viviparous organisms –
develop their young in
their reproductive tract.
- The young are born and
live to survive on their
own, sometimes with
some help of the parent.
Oviparous organisms –
are produced when the
female lays the eggs that
continue to develop
after being laid, and
then hatch later.
Ex. Chicken
Ovoviviparous organisms
– lay eggs that hatch as
they are laid.

Ex. Garter snake and


Hissing cockroach

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