FORCE AND

MOTION
 Pre-/Diagnostic Assessment
A. Choose the letter of the best answer.
For questions 1-5, consider the given situation.
Maria throws a ball straight up with an initial velocity of 10 m/s.
A 1. What is its velocity at the highest point?
F 2. What is its velocity when it returned to the elevation from where it was thrown?
C 3. What is its acceleration at the highest point?
D 4. What is its acceleration just before it hits the ground?
D 5. After 1 second what is the acceleration of the ball?
A. 0 m/s B. 0 m/s2 C. 9.8 m/s2
D. - 9.8 m/s2 E. 10 m/s2 F. -10 m/s
G. cannot be determined
 You can use various physics
concepts to describe and explain
how things work. In this unit, you will
understand how the principles and
theories of physics are applied to
sports activities, collisions, energy
transformations, heat engines, and
power generation, transmission, and
distribution.
 UNIT 4
FORCES AND
MOTION
Modul
e1
 PERFORMANCE
CONTENT STANDARD
STANDARD
The learners demonstrate Propose ways to
understanding of uniformly enhance sports
accelerated related to projectile motion.
motion, motion in two-dimensions
using projectile motion as example,
impulse and momentum, and
conservation of
linear momentum.
Learning Targets: I can…….
• Describe the horizontal and vertical
motions of a projectile.
• Investigate the relationship between the
angle of release and the height and range
of the projectile.
• Relate impulse and momentum to
collision of objects (e.g., vehicular
collision).
• Infer that the total momentum before and
after collision is equal.
 Uniformly Accelerated Motion:
EXPLORE Horizontal Dimension
If a body maintains a constant change in its velocity in a given time
interval along a straight line, then the body is said to have a uniform
acceleration. Consider an airplane on a runway preparing for take off.
Positions taken at equal time intervals are indicated in the figure.
KEY CONCEPTS: MECHANICS
• Motion is relative. It occurs when a body undergoes a change in position with
respect to a frame of reference.
• Terms used to describe motion:
(1) Distance vs Displacement
(2) Speed vs Velocity
(3) Acceleration
Distance vs Displacement
• DISTANCE refers to the total length of the path covered by a body in moving
from an initial position to the final position. It is a scalar quantity.
• DISPLACEMENT refers to the straight – line distance and the direction from
the initial position and the final position. It is a vector quantity.
displacement = final position – initial position
•
 Acceleration
• ACCELERATION refers to the rate of change of the velocity of a
body with respect to time. It is a vector quantity.

acceleration = change in velocity/ time of interval.

Sample Problems
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
 Sample problem (speed)
A car travels 100km in 2hr, what is its speed?
Given: Solution:

Distance = 100km
Time = 2 hours
speed` = ?

Find:
speed s = 50 km/hr
Sample (velocity)
The car is heading north covering a distance of 500 m in 20.0
seconds. What is the car’s velocity
Given:
Solution:
d= 500 m
t= 20 s
Find:
velocity
v = 25 m/s, north
Sample (acceleration)
Ara travels 25seconds with its initial velocity of 45m/s and
its final velocity of 90m/s. what is the acceleration covered?
Given:
Solution:
Vi = 45m/s
Vf = 90m/s
T = 25 seconds

Find:
acceleration
 Nature
of Physics
• Physics is the study of the
interaction between matter and
energy. Physics comes from the
Greek word physika, meaning “of
nature or natural philosophy”;
• Its aim is to formulate certain laws
which could unify and synthesize
different science phenomena in
nature.
 Natural
Science
Biological Physical
Sciences Sciences

Botany Zoology Chemistry Physics

Divisions of the
Natural Science
 The Ancient Greeks
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) is regarded as the first person to
attempt physics, and actually gave physics its name.

On the nature of matter:

Matter was composed of:

Air Earth Water Fire

Every compound was a mixture of these elements

Unfortunately there is no predictive power

19
The Renaissance
Galileo Galilei (1564 -1642) was one of the first to use
the scientific method of observation and experimentation.
He laid the groundwork for modern science.

20
Classical Mechanics
Mechanics: the study of motion
Galileo (1564 -1642) laid the
groundwork for Mechanics

Newton (1642-1727) completed

its development (~almost~)
Newton’s Laws work fine for
• Large Objects - Ball’s, planes, planets, ...
• Small objects (atoms) → Quantum Mechanics
• Slow Objects - people, cars, planes, ...
• Fast objects (near the speed of light) → Relativity
⮚ Classical Mechanics - essentially complete at the end of the 19th Century

21
 Major Subdivisions
of Physics
• The subdivisions of physics
are usually divided into
mechanics, heat and
thermodynamics, wave
motion, electricity, and
magnetism, and nuclear
physics.
Mecha
nics physics. It
• It is most basic branch of
deals with such
ideas as force, motion, inertia,
mass, and energy. It discusses
the answers to questions like:
What holds things together?
How stable are the building
structures? Why do objects fall
to the ground?
Activity

Write your idea about Newton’s law of motion

and sight some example.
1st law
2nd law
3rd law
 Heat and
Thermodynamics
• This includes the principle
of temperature and its
effects on the properties of
materials, heat flow and the
transformations involving
heat and work.
Wave
Motion
• This subdivision is
concerned with vibrations
and waves, nature and
propagation of lights and
sounds, interference,
diffraction, and other
properties of waves.
 Electricity and
Magnetism
• These deal with other
aspects of matter and
space in which the key
concepts are electric
charge, current, voltage
and resistance.
Nuclear
Physics
• It deals with radioactivity,
nuclear fission and fusion,
radioactive elements and
others.
 Uniformly
Accelerated
Motion(UAM):
Horizontal Dimension
 Problem Solving Strategy
● C. Combine equations:
1) Select an equation with the target variable.
• A. Everyday language: 2) Which of the variables are not known?
1) Make a sketch. 3) Substitute in a different equation.
2) What do you want to find out? 4) Continue for all of the unknown variables .
3) What are the physics ideas? 5) Solve for the target variable.
6) Check units.
• B. Physics description:
1) Make a physics diagram. • D. Calculate solution:
2) Define your variables. 1) Plug in numerical values.
3) Write down general equations. E. Evaluate the answer:
1) Is it properly stated?
2) Is it reasonable?
3) Answered the question asked?

31
Scalars & Vectors
• A scalar is a physical quantity • A vector is a physical quantity
that has only magnitude (size) that has both magnitude (size)
and can be represented by a and direction.
number and a unit.
• Examples of scalars? • Examples of vectors?

• Time • Velocity
• Mass • Force
• Temperature
• Density
• Electric charge

32
 Derivation of
• To start the Formula
derivation, ask them
the formula they
learned in Grades 7
and 8 about velocity,
average velocity, and
acceleration, and
label the formula
into:
where:
v = velocity
vf = final velocity
vi = initial velocity
vave = average velocity
d = displacement
t = time
a = acceleration
Given:
a = 5.50 m/s
t = 20.25 s
vi = 0 m/s

d=1127.67m
cal
Try solving this…
A train accelerates to a speed of 20 m/s over a
distance of 150 m. Determine the acceleration (assume
uniform) of the train.

Note: The corresponding displacement (d) and acceleration (a) for vertical
dimension is height (h) and acceleration due to gravity (a g) respectively.
a = 1.3 m/s2
Summary Of Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM) Formulae
 ACTIVITY #2: UAM
1. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds
for a distance of 110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.
2. A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds.
Determine the acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.
3. Alex is waiting at a stoplight. When it finally turns green, he accelerated from
rest at a rate of a 6.00 m/s2 for a time of 4.10 seconds. Determine the
displacement of Alex’ car during this time period.
4. A car accelerates from 20 m/s to 40 m/s in 5 seconds. How far does the car
travel during this acceleration?