Biology AHSGE

Content Standard 11- Animal

Characteristics- Invertebrates
 Standard 11- Animal Characteristics
CONTENT STANDARD 11. Classify animals according to type of skeletal
structure, method of fertilization and reproduction, body symmetry, body
coverings, and locomotion.
ELIGIBLE CONTENT
A. Compare invertebrates and vertebrates.
B. Compare endoskeletons and exoskeletons.
C. Compare internal and external fertilization.
D. Compare sexual and asexual reproduction.
E. Compare bilateral and radial symmetry.
F. Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure.
G. Classify animals according to method of fertilization and reproduction.
H. Classify animals according to type of body symmetry.
I. Classify animals according to type of body coverings.
J. Classify animals according to type of locomotion.
K. Classify animals according to multiple physical characteristics.
 The Animal Kingdom
 Multicellular with true
tissues
 Specialized eukaryotic
cells
 Muscular/nervous systems
unique to animals
 Have their own means of
locomotion
 Consumers- ingest food
 1,326,239 classified
species
 9,812,298 total species
 Invertebrate vs. Vertebrate
 Invertebrates- Animals  Vertebrates- Animals
lacking a backbone with a true backbone
1. Phylum Porifera • Phylum Chordata
2. Phylum 1. Classes Agnatha,
Cnidaria/Coelenterata Osteichthyes, and
3. Phylum Nematoda Chondrichthyes
4. Phylum Platyhelminthes 2. Class Amphibia

5. Phylum Annelida 3. Class Reptilia

6. Phylum Mollusca 4. Class Aves

7. Phylum Echinodermata 5. Class Mammalia

8. Phylum Arthropoda
 PHYLUM PORIFERA
 Sponges
 Asymmetrical- no symmetry
 Covered with tiny openings, or pores, called ostia
 Larger openings are called oscula
 Sponges are sessile
 Bodies completely lack symmetry
 Skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton)
 Asexual reproduction (budding);Internal fertilization
(sexual)
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata
 This phylum includes:
 Jellyfish
 Hydra
 Coral (Calcium carbonate exoskeleton)
 Characteristics:
 Radial symmetry
 Medusa- Free-floating, umbrella-shaped body (Lack
skeleton)
 Polyp- Sessile, tube-like body
 Tentacles- Arm-like projections covered in stinging cells
(cnidocytes/nematocysts)
 Asexual rep. (budding);External fertilization (Sexual)
Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata
 Hydra (Top)

 Jellyfish (Bottom)
Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata

 Coral
 Phylum Platyhelmithes
 Flatworms
 Liver Flukes, Planaria and tapeworms
 Marine flatworms
 Characteristics:
 Ribbon-like bodies
 Bilateral symmetry
 Branched digestive system
 No skeleton
 Asexual (fission); Hermaphrodites (sexual)
 Free movement
 Skin breathing
Phylum Platyhelmithes
 Tapeworm

 Planaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes


Liver fluke
Phylum Platyhelminthes

 Marine flatworm
 Phylum Nematoda
 Roundworms
 Ascaris, Trichinella and hookworms
 Characteristics:
 Flattened bodies
 Bilateral symmetry
 Many are parasites
 Fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelem
 Digestive tube
 No skeleton
 Sexual reproduction (Internal fertilization)
 Free movement
 Skin breathinig
Phylum Nematoda
 Ascaris

 Trichinella
Trichinosis
 Trichinella spiralis is
found in pork
 Trichinosis is a disease
caused by the Trichinella
worm.
 Eggs hatch in the host’s
gut
 Symptoms:
 Diarrhea
 Fever
 Muscle pain
 Death
  Hookworms attach to
the inside of the
Hookworms digestive tract
  Often found in pets
Phylum Annelida
 Segmented worms
 Crop and gizzard digestion
 Bilateral symmetry
 Internal fertilization (sexual)
 Hydrostatic endoskeleton
 Muscular movement
 Skin breathing
 Leeches
 Used to be used in medicine to clean blood
 Earthworms
 Benefits:
 Aerate the soil
 Provide nutrients to the soil
Phylum Annelida
 Earthworm

 Leech
Phylum Annelida
 Marine segmented
worm
 Phylum Echinodermata
 Marine animals
 Radial symmetry
 Endoskeleton of ossicles
 Water-vascular system for movement
 Spicules- spike-like projections
 Tube feet- suction cups
 External fertilization (sexual)
Phylum Echinodermata
 Types of Echinoderms:
 Sand dollars
 Sea urchins
 Sea cucumbers
 Sea stars (starfish)
Phylum Echinodermata
 Sea Urchin

 Sea star (starfish)

Phylum Echinodermata
 Sand dollar

 Sea cucumber
 Phylum Mollusca
 Soft-bodied animals
 Bilateral symmetry
 Visceral mass- Central mass containing organs
 Mantle- Outer layer of the body
 No skeleton
 Radula- Tongue-like organ
 Foot (Pseudopodium)- Used for locomotion
 Many have a shell to protect the soft body
 Univalve- One-part shell
 Bivalve- Two-part shell
 Sexual (external and internal fertilization)
Phylum Mollusca
 Types of Molluscs
 Oysters
 Clams
 Mussells
 Snails
 Octopus
 Squid
Phylum Mollusca
 Oysters

 Clams
Phylum Mollusca
 Mussells
Phylum Mollusca
 Snail

 Octopus
 Ink- chemical
defense
Phylum Mollusca

 Squid
 Phylum Arthropoda
 Animals with:
 Exoskeleton
 Bilateral symmetry
 Jointed legs- Bendable
 Compound eyes- Many lenses
 Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow
 Malpighian tubules: function much like kidneys/silk
 Segmented bodies
 Head
 Thorax
 Abdomen
 Cephalothorax- fused head and thorax
 External and internal fertilization
Phylum Arthropoda
 Class Crustacea- Five pairs of legs
 Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs
 Class Arachnida- Four pairs of legs
 Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per
segment
 Class Diploda- Two pair of legs per
segment
 Class Crustacea

 Barnacle Alaskan King

Crab
 Class Crustacea

 Lobster Shrimp
Class Crustacea
 Crawfish

 Crayfish
Class Insecta
 Ant

 Cricket
Class Insecta
 Grasshopper

 Societal
insects(Hierarchy):
 Ants, bees, wasps,
hornets, and termites
 Division of labor
 Castes- Roles played
by individuals
Class Insecta
 Left- Fly

 Right- Hornet
Metamorphosis

 Complete metamorphosis- Adult lays eggs, eggs hatch

into a larvae, larvae develops into a pupa and surrounds
itself with a chrysalis/cocoon and emerges as an adult
 Incomplete metamorphosis- Eggs hatch into a nymph
and grow into an adult.
Class Arachnida
 Black widow

 House spider
Class Arachnida
 Brown recluse

 Brown recluse bite

Class Arachnida

 Scorpion
Class Chilopoda

 Centipede
Class Diploda
 Millipede