Objective

AFTER THE DISCUSSION, THE STUDENTS ARE

EXPECTED TO:
1.Differentiate quantitative from qualitative
research; and
2.Provide examples of qualitative research in
areas of interest.
Qualitative VS Quantitative Research
 Qualitative VS Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research – a method of inquiry employed in
many different academic discipline making us of themes to
describe certain phenomenon, process story, case, culture,
among other. In short, if data are more on responses, words,
observation, and anecdotal, the research is qualitative.
Quantitative Research – refer to the systematic empirical
investigation of social phenomena via statistical,
mathematical or numerical data or computational
techniques, Hence, if the data are numbers, the research is
quantitative
The following table cited by Cristobal & Cristobal (2017) from the
Social Science Research Extension Institute (SSREI), University of the
Philippines (UP)-Baguio (2009).
The following table cited by Cristobal & Cristobal (2017) from the
Social Science Research Extension Institute (SSREI), University of the
Philippines (UP)-Baguio (2009).
Qualitative VS Quantitative Research

Qualitative Quantitative
Main data: description Main Data: numbers
Research tools: observation, interview, focused Research tools: Test, Checklist, Questionnaire,
group discussions, documentary analysis Survey
Population: based on the design; no required Population: use sampling techniques; the more
number respondents the better
Uses the actual responses of the subject in the Uses the quantitative representation of the
interpretation; taken individually subject in the interpretation; taken as one
Treatment of data: thematic Treatment of data: statistical
Uses IMFAD: Introduction, Method, Procedure, Used IMRAD: Introduction, Method and
Findings and Discussion Procedure, Result and Discussion
Concept Map showing
the Designs of
Research
.
Definition of terms
• contact time – the period when the researcher interacts with the
research subjects or participants to obtain relevant information
• hypothesis – a statement usually predicting the relationship between
variables that can be tested by scientific research
• outlier – a statistical observation in a set of data that is inconsistent
with the majority of the data
• output replicability – capable of repetition, imitation or reproduction
• research instrument – a measurement tool designed to obtain,
measure and analyze data from research subjects around the research
topic
Definition of terms
• sample size – the number of subjects to be taken from the
target population of the study
• trend – an assumed development in the future that will have
a long-term and lasting effect; prevailing style or preference
• validity – the functional quality of research instrument on
obtaining data and producing results based on the purpose of
the study
• variable – any characteristic that can have different values or
traits that may vary across research participants
“What is Qualitative Research” by Alasuutari (2011) to be deeply
acquainted with quantitative and qualitative research based on
different categories.
“What is Qualitative Research” by Alasuutari (2011) to be deeply
acquainted with quantitative and qualitative research based on
different categories.
“What is Qualitative Research” by Alasuutari (2011) to be deeply
acquainted with quantitative and qualitative research based on
different categories.
“How satisfied are students with
their studies?”
Research Examples

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Research Examples

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Research Examples

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Research Examples

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Categorize them into what type of
research method they belong
1. The researcher is an objective observer.
2. There is one concrete reality being governed by unchanging natural laws
that can explain any given phenomenon
3. The researcher is part of the context and intrinsically linked to the findings.
4. Concerns of bias are not part of research because the researcher is
transparent.
5. There is one true reality regardless of context.
6. A phenomenon can be understood by studying its component parts.
7. Conditions must be carefully controlled to prevent unwanted influences.
8. Reality is context-specific.
9. A phenomenon can be understood only when studied as a whole.
10.Reality is socially and experientially constructed – resulting in multiple
realities of a phenomenon.
Definition of each word is provided to
serve as your clue

It refers to a hcacartesircit
characteristic
distinguishing
trait, quality, or
property.
Definition of each word is provided to
serve as your clue

It means a gnhterts
strength
strong attribute
or inherent
asset.
Definition of each word is provided to
serve as your clue

It is the quality knsseeaw

weakness
or state of being
weak.
Definition of each word is provided to
serve as your clue

It pertains to a ndki
kind
group united by
common traits
Definition of each word is provided to
serve as your clue

It implies the cetanmiorp

importance
significant
worth of
something.
Characteristics,
Strengths and
Weaknesses, Kinds, and
Importance of
Qualitative Research
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Qualitative research is
naturalistic. A study to be
conducted by the researcher
should be based on real-life
situations.
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

2. Qualitative research is purposeful. In

conducting a qualitative type of study, the
researcher should select the participants in a
purposive manner, that is, they will be selected
because they either have easy access to the
information needed or simply have the knowledge
to provide a great deal of information needed to
the study.
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

3. Qualitative research is
detailed. A thick description of
gathered data from the
participants makes this type of
study a detailed one.
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

4. Qualitative research requires engagement and

neutrality. Direct contact with the people,
situation, and phenomenon under investigation
should be established by the researcher.
Immersing oneself would enable the researcher to
acquire personal experiences and insights which
are essential to better understand the
phenomenon.
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

5. Qualitative research follows an inductive

procedure. As the researcher immerses
himself/herself in the phenomenon under
investigation, specific details and data will be
gathered from the target participant/s. These
data then can be used to discover emerging
patterns and themes.
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

6. Qualitative research is viewed

in a holistic perspective. A study
in a qualitative type cannot be
simply done in a linear and cause
and effect relationship approach.
Strengths of Qualitative
Research
1. Qualitative research complements
quantitative data. Interview and
observation are the common
instruments used in the conduct of a
qualitative study.
Strengths of Qualitative
Research
2. Qualitative research provides more detailed
information to explain complex issues. Since
this type of research study requires the
researcher to immerse himself/herself in the
phenomenon under investigation, direct
experiences can be acquired.
Strengths of Qualitative
Research
3. Qualitative research is cost
efficient. Small number of
participants is usually considered in
qualitative research. Hence, less
resources will be needed to
accomplish the study.
Weakness of Qualitative
Research
1. Qualitative research cannot
generalize the findings to the study
population. The use of a small
number of participants in qualitative
research may result in limited
responses.
Weakness of Qualitative
Research
2. Qualitative research is more difficult to
analyze. Unlike quantitative research which
deals with numeric data and can be
interpreted through statistical formula,
qualitative research presents non-numeric
data which are all based on the subjective
responses of the participants.
Weakness of Qualitative
Research
3. Qualitative research is time
consuming. Though qualitative research
utilizes a small number of participants,
this, however, demands the researcher
to spend more time in dealing and
engaging with them.
Strengths and Weakness of
Qualitative Research
Strengths and Weakness of
Qualitative Research
Strengths and Weakness of
Qualitative Research
Strengths and Weakness of
Qualitative Research
Strengths and Weakness of
Qualitative Research
Strengths and Weakness of
Qualitative Research
Kinds of Qualitative Research

1. Phenomenological
This kind of qualitative research
focuses on subjective lived
experiences of the participants in
order to understand phenomenon.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

1. Phenomenological
Ex. A researcher aims to determine the
challenges and coping mechanisms of
senior high school working students in
the second district of Santiago City,
Isabela.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

2. Ethnographic
It is a kind of qualitative research
which concentrates on the study of
a group of people in a particular
environment.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

2. Ethnographic
Ex. A researcher seeks to determine the
cultural practices and healthcare beliefs
of the ethnic group living in Isabela
province
Kinds of Qualitative Research

2. Ethnographic
Ex. A researcher seeks to
characterize the survival strategies
of families in an urban poor
community.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

3. Grounded Theory
This kind of qualitative research
intends to explain a
phenomenon through
developing a theory.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

3. Grounded Theory
Ex. A researcher attempts to
conceptualize the breast cancer
survivorship process among
Santiagenios.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

3. Grounded Theory
Ex. A researcher attempts to
generate a theory of defense
mechanisms of students who
experience school bullying
Kinds of Qualitative Research

4. Case Study
It is a qualitative research kind which allows the
researcher to have an intensive analysis of the
phenomenon. The aim of this study is to
accurately describe the case through an in-depth
examination of a single person or single
institution.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

4. Case Study
Ex. A researcher aims to explain
the causes of the reading
difficulty of a grade 5 struggling
reader.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

4. Case Study
Ex. A researcher aims to
describe the language
challenges of hearing-impaired
students in a SPED class.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

5. Historical
This qualitative research kind is
concerned with the
identification, evaluation, and
synthesis of past event data.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

5. Historical
Ex. A researcher attempts to
explore the nature and context
of the political leadership of
Santiago City Mayor.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

5. Historical
Ex. A researcher seeks to
explore the development in the
courtship letter writing style
among Santiagenios.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

6. Narrative
Life accounts of individuals based on
their personal experiences are typically
obtained and analyzed in the conduct
of this kind of qualitative research.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

6. Narrative
Ex. A researcher seeks to characterize
the struggles faced by student-athletes.
Kinds of Qualitative Research

6. Narrative
Ex. A researcher seeks to describe the
daily teaching experiences of millennial
teachers in the Schools Division of
Santiago City.