PHYSICS 211

CH 3 - MOTION
:

At the end of the chapter the students are expected :

1. Explain clearly the concept of motion and its effect on the

body.
2. Differentiate comprehensively : speed, velocity, acceleration
in a
given motion.
3. Demonstrate confidently in selecting motion formula for a
given
situation and solve.
:

Force – is a push or a pull

* many applications and can cause motion.

( CAN MOVE OR STOP OBJECT )

:

Branches of mechanics
a. Kinematics – study of motion w/o considering the cause.
( CH – 3 )
b. Dynamics – study of motion & causes.

 Motion – continuous change of position w/ respect to

specific frame of reference.
:

Different terminologies use in the study of motion.

Speed - how fast object is moving w/o direction.
Velocity – same meaning but with direction, m/s ( unit )

Distance – total length travel , m

Displacement – measure of actual change in position.
1 displacement
2

Instantaneous velocity – velocity at that moment ( using speedometer )

Acceleration - rate at which velocity is changing. m/s2 ( unit )

 RECTILINEAR MOTION - means motion on a straight line.
Example : Car moving, you walk , LRT , ball rolling, drop a coin

Types of Rectilinear motion

1. Uniform motion – means equal distance at equal time interval

object moves in uniform motion in a
straight line .

Formula: V =
where : S = distance, km, m
V = velocity, Km.hr, m/s
t = time , seconds, hr.
 2. Uniform Accelerated motion – motion in w/c the velocity is not
constant but increase and decrease by uniform rate or
changes In magnitude or direction.
Formula:

Uniform Acc. Motion Free falls motion

1. Vf = Vo + at 1. Vf = Vo + gt
2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2aS 2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2gS
3. S = Vot + ½ at2 3. S = Vot + ½ gt 2
LEGEND OF THE FORMULA
Vo – initial velocity, m/s ,km/hr Vf = final velocity, m/s , cm/s
S – distance/displacement, m,km t = time ,sec a = acceleration , m/s 2

g = gravitational acceleration
= 9.8 m/ , 980 cm/ , 32 ft/

Note : body starts from rest : Vo = 0 g( downward) = +

body brought to rest : Vf = 0 g( upward ) = ―
acceleration = + a deceleration = ― a
 How to analyze a given problem in motion

Draw the motion: ( what to study about motion ) USING THIS GUIDE

object at point 1 (object move /moving ) object at point 2

1 2

Vo (object has initial velocity) Vf (object has final velocity)

we can find also find object :
acceleration, a
time.t
distance, S
 problem application

.
Illustrative example:. A truck speed increase uniformly from
10 m/s to 30 m/s in 20 sec. Calculate : a) acceleration, b) S=?

Draw the motion and study .

truck at point 1 truck at point 2

Vo = 10m/s Vf = 30m/s

acceleration, a
time.t = 20 s
distance, S

Note : we study motion of the object while it is in motion.

Solution:

a) find the acceleration ( using formula # 1 ) Vf = Vo + at

* MODIFY

Vf = Vo + at , then simplify by transposing Vo to the left.

Vf – Vo = at ( divide both side by t )

Solution: a) find the acceleration ( using formula # 1 )

Vf = Vo + at , then simplify by transposing Vo to the left.

Vf – Vo = at ( divide both side by t )

= , cancel t
Solution: a) find the acceleration ( using formula # 1 )

Vf = Vo + at , then simplify by transposing Vo to the left.

Vf – Vo = at ( divide both side by t )

= , cancel and substitute values

a= =
a = 1 m/ answer
Solution: b) find the distance travelled by the truck .

Use formula # 3 : S = Vot + ½ a subst values, cancel units

S = Vot + ½ a

S = 10 (m/s)(20s) + ½ (1m/
Solution: b) find the distance travelled by the truck .

Use formula : S = Vot + ½ a substitute the values

S = Vot + ½ a
S = 10 (m/s)(20s) + ½ (1m/
S = 200 m + 200 m
S = 400 meters answer
how to use other words seen in the problem:

Note : body starts from rest : Vo = 0

body brought to rest : Vf = 0
Acceleration = +a
Deceleration = ― a
Problem 2 : A motorbike starting from rest is accelerating
uniformly at 3m/s2. . Find a. velocity after 5 sec b. distance
travel
motorbike at point 1 (move ) motorbike at point 2

1 2

Vo = 0 (start from rest) Vf = ?

acceleration, a= 3m/s2
time.t= 5 sec
distance, S=?
Solution : when Vo = 0 ( start from rest )

a) Find velocity after 5 sec ( use formula # 1 : Vf = Vo + at )

Vf = Vo + at = 0 + ( 3m/s2 ) (5 s )
Vf = 15 m/s ( answer )

b) .Find distance travel ( use formula # 3 : S =Vot + ½ at2 )

S =Vot + ½ at2 =
½ at2 = ½ (3m/s2 )( 5s) 2
S = 37.5 m (answer )
. PROBLEM 3 . A bus is travelling at 40 m/s when the breaks are
applied. It comes to stop after 20 sec. . Find a. acceleration
b. distance travel after the break
 Problem 2 : A bus is travelling at 40 m/s when the breaks are applied. It comes
to stop after 20 sec. . Find a. acceleration b. distance travel after the break

SOLUTION
BUS at point 1 (move ) BUS at point 2

1 2

Vo = 40 m/s Vf = 0 ( stop )
acceleration, a= ?
time. T = 20 s
distance, S=?
Try : a ) by formula # 1 ( modified ) a = (vf – vo) / t a = - 2m/s^2
b ) use formula # 3 S = Vot + ½ at^2 S = 400 m
 3. Free falling motion
- when the motion is influenced by the earth’s gravitational
force or gravity.
- motion is straight line but vertical .
ex. Dropping a coin, water falls, throw object upward

since acting upon by gravity

g = gravitational acceleration
= 9.8 m/s2
= 980 cm/s2
= 32 ft/s2
 analysis of the motion : free falling bodies

object 1 Vo
at point 1 H (height)
t =(time)
g = constant

object at 2
point 2 Vf
ground
Formula for free falling bodies or motion
Formula:
Uniform Acc. Motion Free falls motion
a replace by g
1. Vf = Vo + at 1. Vf = Vo + gt
2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2aS 2. Vf 2 = Vo 2 + 2gS
3. S = Vot + ½ at2 3. S = Vot + ½ gt 2

Note : body starts from rest : Vo = 0 g( downward) = +

Body brought to rest : Vf = 0 g( upward ) = ―
acceleration = + a deceleration = ― a
Illustrative problem. . A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a t a tall
building, after 3 sec. of fall find:
a. displacement of the stone b. velocity of the stone

Make a drawing of motion and analyze

stone Vo =
1
S=?
t = 3s
g=

Vf = ?
2
stone falls
Illustrative problem. . A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a t a tall
building, after 3 sec. of fall find:
a. displacement of the stone b. velocity of the stone

Make a drawing of motion to analyze ( at back of our mind, it is falling)

stone Vo = 0( at rest )
1
S=?
t = 3s
g= 9.8 m/s2

Vf = ?
2
stone falls
Illustrative problem. . A stone is dropped from rest from the top of a tall
bldg. after 3 sec. of fall find:
a. displacement of the stone b. velocity of the stone

Solution :
0 (0)(3s)=0
a) Find S or Height : S = Vot + ½ g t2 = ½ (9.8 m/s2)(3s)2
S = 44.1 meters ( answer )

0
b) Find Vf = ? : Vf = Vo + gt = gt = ( 9.8 m/s/s)( 3s )
Vf = 29.4 m/s answer
Illustrative problem 3. . A ball is dropped from a window 50m above the ground.
a) How long ( time ) does it take the ball to reach the
ground ?
b). What is its final velocity ?
Illustrative problem 3. . A ball is dropped from a window 50m above the
ground. a) How long ( time ) does it take the ball to reach the Ground ?
b). What is its final velocity ?

Given : Vo = 0 ( dropped from rest) S = 50 meters

Solution 0
a) Find t = ? : S = Vot + ½ g t 2 = ½ gt2 , t =
t = 3.19 secs ( answer )

0
b) Find Vf =? : Vf = Vo + gt = gt = ( 9.8 m/s/s)( 3.19s )
Vf = 31.30 m/s answer