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Coginitive Development Group 2

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Charlotte Pineda
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9 views

Coginitive Development Group 2

Uploaded by

Charlotte Pineda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COGNITIVE

WHAT IS COGNITIVE

Cognitive development means how


children think, explore and figure things
out. It is the development of knowledge,
skills, problem solving and dispositions,
which help children to think about and
understand the world around them.
DESCRIPTION
Cognitive development refers to
how a person perceives, thinks,
and gains understanding of his or
her world through the interaction
of genetic and learned factors
Typical Cognitive Changes
During Adolescence
During adolescence (between 12 and 18 years of age), the developing teenager
gains the ability to think systematically about all logical relationships within a
problem. The transition from concrete thinking to formal logical operations
happens over time.
Early Adolescence
During early adolescence, the use of more complex
thinking is focused on personal decision-making in school
and home environments.

Middle Adolescence
The focus of middle adolescence often
includes more philosophical and futuristic
concerns.
Late Adolescence
During late adolescence, complex thinking
processes are used to focus on less self-
centered concepts and personal decision-
making.
WHAT IS THE BEST EXAMPLE OF
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT?
Why is cognitive development
important?
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
0-2 years old (infacy)
Sub-Stages:
Development
Reflex Acts
The first substage (first month of life) is the stage of reflex acts. The neonate responds to
external stimulation with innate reflex actions.

Primary Circular Reactions


The second substage is the stage of primary circular reactions. The baby will repeat pleasurable actions
centered on its own body.

Secondary Circular Reactions


Next comes the stage of secondary circular reactions. It typically lasts from about 4 – 8 months. Now
babies repeat pleasurable actions that involve objects as well as actions involving their own bodies.
Co-ordinating Secondary Schemes
The fourth substage (from 8 – 12 months) is the stage of co-ordinating secondary schemes.
Instead of simply prolonging interesting events, babies now show signs of an ability to use their
acquired knowledge to reach a goal.

Tertiary Circular Reactions


Fifth comes the stage of tertiary circular reactions. These differ from secondary circular reactions
in that they are intentional adaptations to specific situations.

Symbolic Thought
Finally, in substage six there is the beginning of symbolic thought. This is
transitional to the pre-operational stage of cognitive development.
The Preoperational Stage
Ages: 2 – 7 Years
Timeline of the Preoperational Stage

*Two substages occur during the preoperational period of development

Symbolic function (ages 2 to 4): Children develop mental representations


of objects in the world around them during this substage.

Intuitive thought (ages 4 to 7): Children begin to rely more on logic than
just perception alone in this substage.
Egocentrism in the
Preoperational Stage
Children are shown a three-dimensional display of a mountain scene.

Kids are asked to choose a picture showing the scene they observed.
Most children are able to do this with little difficulty.

Next, children are asked to select a picture showing what someone


else would have observed when looking at the mountain from a
different viewpoint.
When to Be Concerned
Several important cognitive milestones
emerge during the preoperational stage of
development.
Age 2 to 3: Kids begin to engage in pretend play, can follow simple
directions, and can sort objects into different categories.

Age 3 to 4: Kids develop more refined schemas, or categories of information, that they use to sort
and understand objects. They also understand past vs. present, have a longer attention span,
group similar objects, and seek answers to their questions about the world

Age 4 to 5: Children's cognitive skills become more refined and they are better able to
imitate the actions of adults.

Age 6 to 7: Kids develop a better understanding of time and more advanced language skills.
The Concrete Operational Stage
Ages: 7 – 11 Years
Reversibility in the Concrete Operational Stage

One important development in this stage is an understanding of


reversibility or awareness that actions can be reversed.3 An example
of this is being able to reverse the order of relationships between
mental categories.
Conservation in the Concrete Operational Stage

Another key development at this stage is


the understanding that when something
changes in shape or appearance it is still
the same, a concept known as
conservation.3
Egocentrism in the Concrete Operational Stage

The concrete operational stage is also marked by decreases in


egocentrism. While children in the preceding stage of development
(the preoperational stage) struggle to take the perspective of others,
kids in the concrete stage are able to think about things the way that
others see them
A Word From Verywell

This stage of cognitive development also serves as an


important transition between the preoperational and
formal operational stages.1 The growing ability to
mentally manipulate information and think about the
thoughts of others will play a critical role in the formal
operational stage of development when logic and
abstract thought become critical.
The Formal Operational Stage
Ages: 12 and Over
Abstraction in the Formal Operational Stage

In another experiment on formal operational


thought, Piaget asked children to imagine
where they would want to place a third eye if
they had one.3
Formal Operational Stage Skills

Important skills that emerge during the formal


operational stage include the following:
DEDUCTIVE LOGIC

Piaget believed that deductive reasoning becomes necessary during


the formal operational stage.

ABSTRACT THOUGHT

While children tend to think very concretely and specifically in


earlier stages, the ability to think about abstract concepts emerges
during the formal operational stage.
PROBLEM SOLVING
In earlier stages, children used trial-and-error to
solve problems.

Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning
Piaget believed that what he referred to as
"hypothetical-deductive reasoning" was essential
at this stage of intellectual development.
THANKYOUU!!

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