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It 123 Chapter 1

The document discusses discrete mathematics and structures. It defines discrete mathematics as involving distinct, countable values as opposed to continuous mathematics which is based on real numbers. The document also covers traditional and scientific problem solving methods.

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ICT-BILL GATE-Billy Rovic Quilang
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65 views

It 123 Chapter 1

The document discusses discrete mathematics and structures. It defines discrete mathematics as involving distinct, countable values as opposed to continuous mathematics which is based on real numbers. The document also covers traditional and scientific problem solving methods.

Uploaded by

ICT-BILL GATE-Billy Rovic Quilang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

INTRODUCTION TO

CHAPTER 1
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS /
STRUCTURE
LEARNING CONTENT:

The concept of Discrete Mathematics/Structures


 The concept of problem solving
 Traditional “GUESS” method (Heller and Heller, Univ. of Minnesota)
 Framework for Problem Solving (Polya)
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:


1. Identify Discrete Mathematics;
2. Enumerate, identify and differentiate the categories of mathematics;
3. Identify Discrete Structure;
4. Enumerate the different topics in discrete mathematics;
5. Identify and describe the general concept of problem solving;
6. Identify and describe traditional and scientific problem solving;
7. Differentiate traditional vs scientific problem solving;
WHAT IS MATHEMATICS?

It is the scientific study of structure, order, and


relationships emerged from elemental procedures of
counting, measuring, and explaining the format of objects.
It copes with logical reasoning and quantitative
calculation.

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

1. Continuous Mathematics

2. Discrete Mathematics

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

Discrete
Cannot be broken down into fractions or decimals
Continuous
Can be broken down into fractions or decimals

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

Discrete Continuous
Counted Measured

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

CONTINUOUS
WEIGHT RANGE FROM 60 TO 100 KILOS

DISCRETE
4 FAMILY MEMBER

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

CONTINUOUS
10 TO 20 CM

DISCRETE
5 BOOKS

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

CONTINUOUS
AGE OF PIG

DISCRETE
NUMBER OF PIG

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

CONTINUOUS DISCRETE
-TIME -PURCHASING TICKETS
-TEMPERATURE -NUMBER OF STUDENTS
-WEIGHT -TEXT MESSAGES
-DISTANCE -BOOKS

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


MATHEMATICS CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES

Discrete Mathematics
on the other hand, involves distinct values; i.e. between any two points, there are a countable number of
points.

Continuous Mathematics
is based upon continuous number line or the real numbers. It is characterized by the fact that between
any two numbers, there are almost always an infinite set of numbers.

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


WHAT IS DISCRETE MATH?

is not the name of a it's a description of a set of


branch of mathematics, branches of math that all have in
like number theory,
common the feature that they are
algebra, calculus, etc.
"discrete" rather than
"continuous"

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


Discrete mathematics Discrete structures are
is math that makes use structures that are
of discrete structures used in describing
discrete mathematics.

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


WHAT IS DISCRETE STRUCTURE?

 Discrete structure is set of discrete elements on which certain operations are defined.
Discrete implies non-continuous and therefore discrete sets include finite and
countable sets but not uncountable sets such as the real numbers. The term discrete
structure covers many of the concepts of modern algebra, including integer
arithmetic, monoids, semigroups, groups, graphs, lattices, semi-rings, rings, fields,
and subsets of these.

THE CONCEPT OF DISCRETE STRUCTURES


A FRAMEWORK FOR PROBLEM SOLVING

Problem solving is an art and there are no


universal approaches to solving problems.

THE CONCEPT OF PROBLEM SOLVING


THE TRADITIONAL “GUESS” METHOD (HELLER AND HELLER, UNIV. OF MINNESOTA)

 Givens - Identify the “given” information


 Unknown - Identify what is wanted
 Equation - Select equation for solution
 Solution - Solve equation for unknown
 Survey - Make certain solution is realistic

THE CONCEPT OF PROBLEM SOLVING


FRAMEWORK FOR PROBLEM SOLVING (POLYA)

Understanding the problem


Devising a Solution Plan
Carrying out the plan
Looking back i.e. verifying

THE CONCEPT OF PROBLEM SOLVING


FRAMEWORK FOR PROBLEM SOLVING (POLYA)

 Understanding the Problem


 Extract the principal parts of the problem.
 Consult definitions for unfamiliar (often even familiar) terminologies.
 Construct one or two simple example to illustrate what the problem says.

THE CONCEPT OF PROBLEM SOLVING


FRAMEWORK FOR PROBLEM SOLVING (POLYA)
 Devising a Solution Plan
 Where to start?
 What can I do?
 What should I look for?
 Try to use heuristics. Some but not limited to:
 Have you used all the conditions/hypotheses? (simulation)
 Divide into cases (divide and conquer approach)
 Proof by contradiction (cause elimination)
 Working backward (forensic analysis)
 Simplify the problem
THE CONCEPT OF PROBLEM SOLVING
FRAMEWORK FOR PROBLEM SOLVING (POLYA)

Carrying out the plan


Execute the plan

THE CONCEPT OF PROBLEM SOLVING


FRAMEWORK FOR PROBLEM SOLVING (POLYA)

Looking Back
Recreate solution(s) with consistent result.
Conclude which solution is most appropriate.

THE CONCEPT OF PROBLEM SOLVING

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