Characteristics,

Processes, & Ethics of

Research
 Objectives
At the end of the session, learners will be able to describe the
characteristics, processes, and ethics of research

Enabling objectives:
Specifically, learners shall be able to;
1. describe the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research
2. awaken the hearts of the class regarding the importance of
the characteristics, processes and ethics in research; and
3. demonstrate the characteristics, processes and ethics of
research in a differentiated task
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REVIEW

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EMPIRICAL

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 EMPIRICAL
Research is based on direct experience and observation
of the researcher.
What is the basis of your research?

The Implications of Attending Limited Face-to-Face

Classes to the Academic Performance of Selected Grade 11
Students of Balayan Senior High School A.Y. 2022-2023

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SYSTEMATIC
It follows orderly and sequential procedure.
*Was there a scientific method followed in
conducting the research?

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 CONTROLLED
All variables except
those that are tested/
experimented upon
are kept constant. Are
the obtained data
independent and
without
manipulations?
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EMPLOY HYPOTHESIS
It guides the
investigation process

Is there a hypothesis
observed while
conducting the
research?

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 ANALYTICAL

This shows analytical

procedures in
gathering the data,
whether historical,
descriptive, and or case
study.

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OBJECTIVE

Study is unbiased
and logical. All
findings are logically
based on real-life
situations.

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 ORIGINAL WORK

Study requires its

own examination and
produces the data
needed to complete
the study.

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R- esearch oriented
E- effective
S- cientific
E- fficient QUALITIES OF
A- ctive A GOOD
R- esourceful RESEARCHER
C- urious
H- onest
E- conomical
R- eligious
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The Research
Process

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 The Research Process
3. Collect and 5. Interpret the
Organize
Data
Collect & the Data
Identify Interpret
Organize
1.
The Research
Problem/
Literature Formulate Analyze Report
& Design & Test
2. 4. 6.
Formulate Report the
Hypothesis and Analyze the Data and
Test the Hypothesis Result
Design the
Study
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01
Id e nti f y t h e
c h P r ob l e m
Re s e ar
& R e l a te d
Literature

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Identify the Research Problem
It is the heart of qualitative research

Research Problems are those that cause

unfavorable circumstances in a community
or an organizations

It may be in form of questions.

Identifying problems in literature

review is very important.

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 02
Formulating
Hypothesis &
Designing the
Study

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 Hypothesis of the Study

A research hypothesis an
intellectual guess to the
research questions

It serve as a guide toward

designing the research
methodology.

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Guide in Constructing Study
Design
01 From whom will
your data come?
02 Where are you
going to collect the
data?

When & until How are you going to

03 when do you plan 04 facilitate the whole
to gather data? reesearch activity?

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03 Collecting and
Organizing
Data

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 Data Collection
Data collection is the
process of gathering
information by
means of a defined
method in order to
support the
hypothesis
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Analyzing Data
and Testing
Hypothesis
04
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Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process
of examining data against
preconceived hypothesis

Accepted: Supports the

hypothesis

Rejected: Results deviate from

existing literature

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05 Interpreting
Data

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Interpretation of Data
Gathered data must
be interpreted
correctly to pave the
way for drawing a
meaningful
implications in
making the research
relevant
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Reporting of the
Results 06
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Research Ethics

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 Ethical Principles
01 HONESTY 02OBJECTIVITY
Fabrication of data or Research must be
falsification of data must never free from any form
be an option of bias

03INTEGRITY 04 CAREFULNESS
Research must uphold sincerity and It must be free of careless errors
consistency of negligence

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 Ethical Principles
05 OPENNESS 06CONFIDENTIALITY
Researchers must be Participants’
open to constructive privacy must be
criticism valued

07 RESPECTFUL 08 RESPONSIBILITY
“Give credit to whom the Rules of an institution must
credit is due be considered

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DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTION?

Liberating Network in Education

QUALITATIV
E VS
QUANTITATI
VE
 Objectives

At the end of the session, learners will be able to differentiate

quantitative from qualitative research and describe the strengths
and weaknesses of qualitative and quantitative research
Enabling objectives:
Specifically, learners shall be able to;
1) differentiate quantitative from qualitative research
2) describes the strengths, weaknesses of qualitative and
quantitative research
3) value the differences of qualitative and quantitative research;
and
4) make a graphic organizer exhibiting the differences and
commonalities of quantitative and qualitative research
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Liberating Network in Education
https://www.bachelorprint.eu/methodology/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/
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RESEARCH PROCESS

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 Qualitative Research Approach

You can hand out open-ended questionnaires

to 20 staff at a company. Some questions you
can ask may be as follows:
How often do you get a raise or a
promotion?
What is the relationship between
management and other staff?
Do you recommend your company to
other job seekers?
https://www.bachelorprint.eu/methodology/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/
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 Quantitative Research Approach
You can approach the same research question using
quantitative research. For instance, you can formulate a
series of close-ended questions.

Examples of preset responses may include:

Yes or no responses
A rating system – for instance, between 1 -9,
how would you rate the work/life balance?
You can input the responses into an
analytical software like Excel, which will
reveal outcomes in numerical data.
https://www.bachelorprint.eu/methodology/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/
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Liberating Network in Education
STREN G H T S &
WEAK N E S SE S S
OF
QUALI TAT I V E
&
QUANT I TAT I V E
 QUANTITATIVE

• It is suitable for undertaking • There are limited conclusions

extensive surveys from the study
• Offers in-depth conclusions and • It often requires complex
findings formulas and models
• You can collect information faster • The findings may become
with quantitative research obsolete with time
• It is a scientific-based approach that • It may be expensive in some
follows generally accepted cases
standards
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 QUALITATIVE

• It can be used to study several • It does not provide statistical

phenomena at the same time information which may be
essential in some cases
• It offers a large sample size for
analysis • It is a rigorous process that
may not be defined clearly
• It can be done on an ongoing process
• A lot of unusable data may be
– some studies are conducted for
collected
years using qualitative methods
• It is a time-consuming process
• It is not limited by numerical sources for projects that may have
of data deadlines.

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GROUPINGS

Liberating Network in Education

 MODULE

• Each group must have a big notebook.

• 1st and 2nd page must be about your
profile with 1x1 picture
• Activity 1: List down 8-10 topics that
you want to explore in your qualitative
research.
• Give one general objective per topic.
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