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Fundamental Particles Physics Project

The document discusses fundamental particles including quarks and leptons. It explains that quarks come in six flavors and make up hadrons like protons and neutrons, which themselves are made of three quarks each. It also discusses the six types of leptons and their properties like charge and interaction with forces. Beta decay processes are described as well.

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Vivek Sapra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views

Fundamental Particles Physics Project

The document discusses fundamental particles including quarks and leptons. It explains that quarks come in six flavors and make up hadrons like protons and neutrons, which themselves are made of three quarks each. It also discusses the six types of leptons and their properties like charge and interaction with forces. Beta decay processes are described as well.

Uploaded by

Vivek Sapra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNDAMENTAL

PARTICLES
By Vivek Sapra and Perry Preston
Quarks:
• Quarks are fundamental particles that make up other
subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons

• Hadrons are defined as any particle made up of quarks

• Fundamental means that quarks are not made up of any other


particles.

• Quarks have never been observed on their own, they’re either


in pairs or groups of three
There are six flavours (types) of quarks that exist:
• Hadrons are the group of subatomic particles that are made up
of quarks

• Baryon (3 quarks)
• Meson (quark and anti-quark pair)
• Protons & Neutrons

• Protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles.


They are each made up of three quarks

• Protons are made up of two up quarks and a down


quark

• Neutrons are made up of two down quarks and an up


quark
• Leptons:

• Leptons are a group of fundamental particles

• This means they are not made up of any other particles (no
quarks)

• There are six leptons altogether:


Properties of Leptons

• There are three flavours (types) of neutrinos (electron, muon,


tau)
• Neutrinos are the most abundant leptons in the universe
• They have no charge and negligible mass (almost 0)
• Leptons interact with the weak interaction, electromagnetic
and gravitational forces
• However, they do not interact with the strong force
• Although quarks are fundamental particles too, they are not
classed as leptons
• Leptons do not interact with the strong force, whilst quarks
do
β– & β+ decay

• β- decay is when a neutron turns into a


proton emitting an electron and anti-electron
neutrino
• More specifically, a neutron turns into a
proton because a down quark turning into an
up quark
β– & β+ decay

• β+ decay is when a proton turns into a


neutron emitting an positron and an electron
neutrino
• More specifically, a proton turns into a
neutron because an up quark turns into a
down quark

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