Lesson 1

01.Describ
ing the
picture
 Make sure your photo description has a simple
structure. Start by saying what the photo shows
in general (Who? What? Where? How do they
look? What are they doing?). Then mention
some interesting details. You can finish with
your personal comment or some speculation.
1

2
02.Gram
mar
Articles a, an, the, zero article
 A and AN – undefined
articles
We use them when:
1.We talk about something in general, not specific:
I need a vocabular — Not a particular one.
2. We talk about something for the first time, it is new information:
Jane is a DJ — New information for the listener.
3. Asking for availability/existence of smth:
Do you have a pover bank? — Not a certain, any.
4. Describing smth (usually for the first time) or asking for characteristics:
This is an excellent album.
Do you live in a big house?
We never use A / AN (one) with the plural and uncountable nouns, because these
articles indicate ONLY singular.
Some uncountable nouns
Рідини та гази Water, coffee, milk, oxygen, air

Тверді та зернисті речовини Wood, metal, cheese, rice, sand

Слова, що стосуються сили та енергії Electricity, sunshine, radiation, heat, magnetism

Галузі знань Chemistry, English, economics, science, math

Інформація та абстрактні поняття Information, music, education, democracy, intelligence

Види спорту та ігри Football, tennis, poker, golf

Погодні явища Snow, fog, rain

Хвороби Flu, cancer

 A/AN BEFORE VOWELS AND
CONSONANTS
A, An – are interchangeable articles. A is used before nouns (or adjectives,
which describes the noun) starting with the consonant, AN is used before
vowels:
• She is a doctor.
• He is an actor.
• She is an excellent doctor.
• He is a brilliant actor.
Note! English consonant letter is not always consonant sound. An is used
before words starting with the vowel sound, but consonant letter.
• An hour.
 Put the correct article
1. ..... orange
(a/an)
2. ..... bottle of wine
13...... school uniform
14...... accident
3. ..... carton of milk 15...... orange hat
4. ..... ice-cream 16...... egg
5. ..... banana 17...... house
6. ..... small melon 18...... green apple
7. ..... hamburger 19...... white egg
8. ..... piece of ham 20...... European country
9. ..... pizza 21...... airport
10...... Apple 22...... umbrella
11...... hour 23...... station
12...... ice-cream 24...... English university
 Complete the sentences
Paul goes to university every day. In his backpack there is .....
book, ..... pencil case, ..... with
apple anda/an.
..... egg and mayonnaise
sandwich. Some days he also buys ..... Ice-cream for dessert. Today
he has ..... English exam. The exam is not very difficult. He
writes ..... short story about ..... adventurer. The story begins like this:
“It is ..... special day for Oliver. At ten o´clock in the morning he gets
on ..... plane. His destination is Australia...”
HE – defined article
We use it when:
1. We talk or ask about something known to the listener, or it was mentioned or introduced before:
• There is a book on my table. The book is very old. – in second sentence we use THE because we
already know which book.
• Do you know where I left the keys? — asking about certain keys, not any.
2. We talking about something that is described defining phrases:
 Did you listen to the song which I sent you?
 I like the movie that we watched yesterday.
NOTE! Not all phrases make an object defined. Some just characterizing it. It depend on the situation:
 She bought a phone with 2 cameras – Just stating that it is any phone with 2 cameras.
 She bought the phone with 2 cameras – She was choosing between certain phones and picked
the one with 2 cameras.
Article THE can be used both for singular and plural.
General usage: The/A/AN/Zero article
1. We use a/an ONLY with countable nouns in singular form (when talking about general things or about
something for the first time):
I have an apple.
We bought a new TV.
2. We use the with BOTH singular and plural (when talking about specific things or about something
already known for the listener):
Did you read the book I had told you about?
The statue is gorgeous.
3. We DO NOT use articles when talking about general things in plural.
Guests are welcome here any time.
Professors always give students hard tasks.
4. We DO NOT use a/an with uncountable nouns. Sometimes the can be used the same way as with
countable (when we talking about specific things):
Information is easy to get nowadays (any information, in general).
The information in your report is incorrect (the specific thing).
1. ________ modern life is stressful.
Fill in the correct article (A , AN or THE) where
2. What’s ______THE__ capital of your country?
necessary – or leave blank !
3. _______A____ doctor earns more than _______A______ teacher.
4. Do you know who invented _____A________ computer ?
5. Have you seen _______THE______ newspaper? I can’t find it anywhere.
6. Is this _____THE________ first time you’ve stayed at _____________ Hilton ?
7. Is _____THE___ Nile or _____THE____ Amazon _____THE_____ longest river on
__________ earth ?
8. Several million visitors ___A_____ year are attracted to ___THE____ ski slopes of
_________ Alps.
9. I’ll meet you outside _____THE____ post office. I’ll be there in __THE__ quarter of
__AN_____ hour.
10. _______ young people tend to think that ________ life was more difficult in
__THE_______ past.
11. In my opinion _____________ education should be free.
12. ______THE_______ education I got at _____________ school was excellent.
15. I took ______ train to London and then ______ underground to ______Victoria Station.
16. Would you like to come with us to see _____________ Titanic at the cinema tomorrow?
17. I had _____________ experience at work today.
18. The car sped past at 100 miles _____________ hour.
19. _____________ Mount Everest is the highest mountain in _____________ wold.
20. _____________ Middle East is one of the world’s hot spots.
21. We lived in _____________ Netherlands before moving here.
22. If you ever go to London you must see _________ Tower of London and _________ Tate
Gallery.
23. We noticed _____________ strong smell coming from _____________ refrigerator.
24. She lives in _____________ England, which is part of _____________ UK.
25. After his wife’s death he left _____________ home and joined _____________ army.
26. He should have called me _____________ hour ago.
27. They visited grandmother in _____________ hospital.
28. ______ history is an interesting subject, but what I like most is _________ history of the
US.
29. The Browns often watch _____________ television in the evening.
03.Voca
bular
The body and the movement
 Parts of the body
Forehead Лоб
-
Щока
Cheek
- Шия
Neck Грудна клітка
- Лікоть
Chest Талія
-
Elbow Бедро
- Коліно
Waist Щиколотка
-
П’ята
Hip
- Великий палець на нозі
Knee Великий палець на руці
- Зап’ястя
Ankle
Плече
-
Heel Підборіддя
 Parts of the body
Breath Дихати
- Вдихати
Breath in
Видихати
-
Breath out Посміхатися
- Посміхатися до когось
Smile Сміятися з
-
Плакати
Smile at
- Кивати головою
Laugh at Тиснути руки
- Позіхати
Cry
-
Describe the pictures
 Home
work:
Learn new words, learn new
grammar, do exercises fo
grammar
THANKS!