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Aptitude - Session 2

The document provides an overview of topics related to arithmetic and fractions that will be covered in the weekly aptitude session. It discusses properties of real numbers, positive and negative numbers, order of operations, multiples of 10, fraction properties, and operations with fractions. Examples and practice problems are provided for each topic.

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yt Hehkke
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23 views77 pages

Aptitude - Session 2

The document provides an overview of topics related to arithmetic and fractions that will be covered in the weekly aptitude session. It discusses properties of real numbers, positive and negative numbers, order of operations, multiples of 10, fraction properties, and operations with fractions. Examples and practice problems are provided for each topic.

Uploaded by

yt Hehkke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WEEKLY SESSION

APTITUDE

SESSION - 2
08/11/21
WHAT YOU NEED TO DO

● Compulsorily have a notebook


● Absolutely NO CALCULATOR
● Attend ALL 10 Sessions
● Be as interactive as possible
● Do your homework
● Have fun
TODAY’S SCHEDULE

WEEK 2
Arithmetic and Fractions
● Properties of Numbers
● Order of Operation
● Multiples of 10
● Decimals, Fractions
● Properties of Fractions
● Operation with Fractions
PROPERTIES OF REAL
NUMBERS
PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS

● Numbers – 1,2,3,-1,-2,-3,sq.root(7),1.5,(33/10)
● +ve, -ve numbers => 0 is neither
● Integers - +ve, -ve whole numbers
● Addition – Sum, Multiplication – Product
● Commutative, Associative, Distributive
PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS

● Subtraction – Difference, Division – Quotient


● Not commutative
● Subtraction as Addition - Commutative
PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS

● Properties using 0, 1
● 0 – 0 product property
● a x b = 0, either a or b is 0
● n/n = 1
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
NUMBERS
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● 2 digits addition, subtraction – be thorough


● 4 cases of subtraction :
● 31 – 17
● -24 – 16
● 46 – (-15)
● -12 – (-37)
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● 31 – 17 = 31 + (-17)
● -24 – 16 = -24 + (-16)
● 46 – (-15) = 46 + 15
● -12 – (-37) = -12 + 37 = 37 - 12
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● TRICK – Factoring out the (-) sign


● (-22) + (-61)
● = - (22 + 61)
● = - (83)
● = -83
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● TRICK – Factoring out the (-) sign


● (-70) - 28
● = - (70 + 28)
● = - (98)
● = -98
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

TRY IT OUT!
● (-25) + (-41) = ?
● (-61) – 11 = ?
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● (-25) + (-41)
● = - (25 + 41)
● = - (66)
● = -66
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● (-61) - 11
● = - (61 + 11)
● = - (72)
● = -72
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

2 difficult cases
● (Small +ve) – (Big +ve)
● (Small +ve) + (Big -ve)
● Factoring (-) sign reverses order
● Sum of 2 positives and Difference of (Big – Small)
– easier
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● (Small +ve) – (Big +ve)


● 23 – 64
● = -(-23 + 64)
● = -(64 – 23)
● = -(41)
● = -41
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE NUMBERS

● (Small +ve) + (Big -ve)


● 26 + (-63)
● = -(-26 + 63)
● = -(63 – 26)
● = -(37)
● = -37
ORDER OF OPERATIONS
ORDER OF OPERATIONS

● Grouping Symbols
● () – parantheses – (x+5)
● [] – square brackets – [(x+5) – (x/5)]
● Square root – sq.root(9-x)
● Long fraction bar – x+5 //// x-4
● Exponent slot group – 3^(x-7)
ORDER OF OPERATIONS

● BODMAS – Brackets of Division, Multiplication,


Addition and Subtraction
● GEMDAS – Grouping Symbols, Exponents,
Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction
ORDER OF OPERATIONS

● 6 + (7 – 5)^2 x 3
● = 6 + 2^2 x 3
● =6+4x3
● = 6 + 12
● = 18
ORDER OF OPERATIONS

● 2 x 3 + 9 x 12 / (10 – 7)
● 2 x 3 + 9 x 12 / 3
● 6+9x4
● 6 + 36
● 42
● Multiplication and Division have SAME
PRIORITY
ORDER OF OPERATIONS

● (A x B) / (C x D)
● = [B / (C x D)] x A
● = (A / D) x (B / C)
● = [(A / C) x B] / D
● Any grouping gives same result – Group based on
goal
ORDER OF OPERATIONS

● NESTED GROUPING – Work from Inside out


● [60 / (3 x (13 – 11)^2 + 8)] + 2
● = [60 / (3 x (2)^2 + 8)] + 2
● = [60 / (3 x 4 + 8)] + 2
● = [60 / (12 + 8)] + 2
● = [60 / 20] + 2
● =3+2
● =5
MULTIPLES OF 10
MULTIPLES OF 10

● Powers of 10 > 1
● Number of 0s after 1 equals that many factors of 10
● 10,000 = 10^4 = 10 x 10 x 10 x 10
MULTIPLES OF 10

● Powers of 10 < 1
● Number of places after decimal point equals that
many factors of 10 in denominator
● 0.01 = 1/(10^2) = 10^(-2) = 1/(10 x 10)
MULTIPLES OF 10

● DECIMAL PLACES
● Multiply by 10, move decimal to one place right
● Divide by 10, move decimal to one place left
MULTIPLES OF 10

● 24 x 10 = 240
● 1.53 x 10 = 15.3
● 24 / 10 = 2.4
● 1.53 / 10 = 0.153
● 39.85 x 0.1 = 3.985
● 0.064 x 10^(-2) = 0.00064
MULTIPLES OF 10

● Dividing by –ve powers of 10


● 2.35 / 0.01 = 2.35 x 100 = 235
● 4.7 / 10^(-4) = 4.7 x 10^4 = 47,000
MULTIPLES OF 10

● DILEMMA – Which way to move decimal point


● Exercise – Try to create intuition by practicing with
calculator
● Write down some examples – predict your answer
(left/right), check with calculator
FRACTION PROPERTIES
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Denominator of 1: 7/1 = 7
● Involving 0: n/0 -> undefined, 0/n -> legit, 0/0 ->
illegal
● n/n = 1, when n not = 0; +ve, -ve, sq.root doesn’t
matter
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Reciprocals
● a/b => b/a; a, b not = 0
● 3/5 => 5/3, -7/2 => -2/7, 1/6 => 6
● Fraction x Reciprocal = 1
● Reciprocal obtained by – Dividing from 1
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Changing numerators with same denominators


● a>b => a/c > b/c, c not = 0
● 4/13 > 2/13
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Changing denominators with same numerators


● p>q => s/p < s/q, p,q,s not = 0
● 2/5 > 2/7
● Divide by more, quotient is less
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Changing numerators and denominators


● Num. increases, Denom. decreases, Fraction
increases
● 3/8 < 4/7
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Num. increases, Denom. increases (Not by


multiplication)
● Take 2/5; (2/5 < 1)
● Adding 3 to both num. and denom.
● (2+3)/(5+3) = 5/8 => this is closer to 1
● Thus, 2/5 < 5/8
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Num. increases, Denom. increases (Not by


multiplication)
● Take 3/2; (3/2 > 1)
● Adding 3 to both num. and denom.
● (3+3)/(2+3) = 6/5 => this is closer to 1
● Thus, 3/2 > 6/5
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Num. increases, Denom. increases (Not by


multiplication) – Adding different values
● Take 1/8; (Add 2 to num., add 5 to denom.)
● 1/8 < 2/5
● (1+2)/(8+5) = 3/13 => this is closer to 2/5
● Thus, 1/8 < 3/13
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● Num. increases, Denom. increases (Not by


multiplication) – Adding different values
● Take 3/4; (Add 2 to num., add 5 to denom.)
● 3/4 > 2/5
● (3+2)/(4+5) = 5/9 => this is closer to 2/5
● Thus, 3/4 > 5/9
FRACTION PROPERTIES

● a/b
● (a+p)/(b+q) => Always closer to p/q than a/b
● a/b < p/q => a/b < (a+p)/(b+q)
● a/b > p/q => a/b > (a+p)/(b+q)
● When you subtract, the effect is opposite
OPERATIONS WITH
FRACTIONS
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● Addition, Subtraction
● Common Denominator
● 1/5 + 2/5 = (1+2)/5 = 3/5
● 9/13 – 6/13 = (9-6)/13 = 3/13
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● a/b + c/d = (a/b x d/d) + (c/d x b/b)


● Not feasible when b and d are very large like 1/12 +
7/24
● We take LCM => LCM(12,24) is 24
● 1/12 + 7/24 = (1/12 x 2/2) + (7/24 x 1/1)
● = 2/24 + 7/24 = (2+7)/24 = 9/24
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

TRY IT OUT!
● 1/14 – 1/21 = ?
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 1/14 – 1/21 = ?
● LCM is 42
● (1/14 x 3/3) – (1/21 x 2/2) = 3/42 – 2/42
● = (3-2)/42 = 1/42
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● Multiplication – Always Cancel before you multiply


● 2/7 x 2/3 = (2x2)/(7x3) = 4/21
● 5/14 x 7/15 = 1/14 x 7/3 = 1/2 x 1/3 = 1/(2x3)
● = 1/6
● You can cancel any numerator with any
denominator
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 1/6 x 2/5 = ?
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 1/6 x 2/5 = ?
● = 1/3 x 1/5
● = 1/(3x5)
● = 1/15
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● Division – Multiply with Reciprocal


● 1/4 / 3/2
● Reciprocal pf 3/2 => 2/3
● 1/4 / 3/2 = 1/4 x 2/3 = 1/2 x 1/3 = 1/6
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 3/20 / 6/5 = ?
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 3/20 / 6/5 = ?
● Reciprocal pf 6/5 => 5/6
● 3/20 / 6/5 = 3/20 x 5/6 = 1/20 x 5/2
● = 1/4 x 1/2 = 1/(4x2) = 1/8
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 6 / 3/4 = ?
● Reciprocal pf 3/4 => 4/3
● 6 / 3/4 = 6 x 4/3 = 2 x 4/1
● = 8/1 = 8
OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 3/5 / 2 = ?
● Reciprocal pf 2 => 1/2
● 3/5 / 2 = 3/5 x 1/2 = 3/(5x2)
● = 3/10
SUMMARY
SUMMARY – POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
NUMBERS

● p + q, P – q
● p – (-q) = p + q
● (-p) – q = -(p + q)
● p – Q = -(Q – p)
SUMMARY – ORDER OF OPERATIONS

● Grouping Symbols
● GEMDAS
● Multiplication, Division – same priority
● Nested Grouping – inside out
SUMMARY – MULTIPLES OF 10

● Powers of 10 > 1
● Powers of 10 < 1
● Decimal Places
● Dividing by –ve powers of 10
SUMMARY – FRACTION PROPERTIES

● n/1 = n
● 0/n = 0
● n/n = 1
● Reciprocals
● Same denom., greater num. => greater fraction
● Same num., lesser denom. => greater fraction
● Adding values to num. and denom.
SUMMARY – OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● Addition, Subtraction – Common


denominator
● Multiplication – Always Cancel before you
multiply
● Division – Multiply with Reciprocal
HOMEWORK
HOMEWORK – POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
NUMBERS

● 11 – 78 = ?
● 47 – 65 = ?
● 28 – 43 = ?
● 62 – 74 = ?
HOMEWORK – MULTIPLES OF 10

● 1235 / 100 = ?
● 37.5 / 1000 = ?
● 0.01728 X 1000 = ?
● 8.3 X 10^6 = ?
● 5.4 x 10^(-5) = ?
● 20.25 / 10^6 = ?
HOMEWORK – OPERATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

● 1/4 + 2/3 = ?
● 3/5 – 1/10 = ?
● 5/6 + 1/4 = ?
● 1/4 x 8/13 = ?
● 21/35 x 30/42 = ?
● 3 x 2/5 = ?
● 7/10 / 7/15 = ?
● 24/35 / 36/25 = ?
● 8/9 / 6 = ?
HOMEWORK

1.
HOMEWORK

a) Madge
b) Dean
c) They paid equal amounts
d) Inequal amounts but can’t figure out who
(Insufficient Data)
HOMEWORK

2.
HOMEWORK

a) 1.25
b) 1.5
c) 1.75
d) 2.0
e) 2.25
HOMEWORK

3.
HOMEWORK

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
HOMEWORK

4.
HOMEWORK

a) Yes
b) No
c) They are equal
d) Insufficient Data
HOMEWORK

5.
HOMEWORK

a) 8/3
b) 4
c) 9/2
d) 5
e) 6
CONGRATULATIONS !!!

● You have completed 20% of the sessions


● Do the homework assigned and let’s meet
in the next class
● Practise as often as you can

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