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Ossification

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9 views

Ossification

Uploaded by

alex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ossification

• Bone ossification, or osteogenesis, is the process of bone formation.


• This process begins between the sixth and seventh weeks of embryonic
development and continues until about age twenty-five; although this varies
slightly based on the individual.
• There are two types of bone ossification, intramembranous and endochondral.
• Each of these processes begins with a mesenchymal tissue precursor, but how
it transforms into bone differs.
• Intramembranous ossification directly converts the mesenchymal tissue
to bone and forms the flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the
cranial bones.
• Endochondral ossification begins with mesenchymal tissue transforming
into a cartilage intermediate, which is later replaced by bone and forms the
remainder of the axial skeleton and the long bones.
Intramembranous Ossification

• Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts and group into


ossification centers
• Osteoblasts become entrapped by the osteoid they secrete, transforming
them to osteocytes
• Trabecular bone and periosteum form
• Cortical bone forms superficially to the trabecular bone
• Blood vessels form the red marrow
• Mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes
and form the cartilage model for bone
• Chondrocytes near the center of the cartilage model
undergo hypertrophy and alter the contents of the
matrix they secrete, enabling mineralization

Endochondral • Chondrocytes undergo apoptosis due to decreased


nutrient availability; blood vessels invade and bring
Ossification osteogenic cells
• Primary ossification center forms in the diaphyseal
region of the periosteum called the periosteal collar
• Secondary ossification centers develop in the
epiphyseal region after birth

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