Basic Knowledge of

Power Distribution for

Telecom Power System

www.huawei.com

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Training Objective

l After learning this course, you should be able to:

l Understand the basic concepts of power distribution

l Know the power distribution design inside the power system

l Know the common power distribution products on the telecom

sites

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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts about Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products description

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Basic Concepts about Power Distribution

Power Distribution

Definition Function Purpose Requirement

 Electrical system  Transmission  easy maintenance  rich experience

 low-voltage  Distribution  good protection  special practice
 Protection  high safety
electrical devices
 Control
 monitor

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Where Is the Power Distribution?

Power distribution system in industrial application

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Power Distribution for Telecom Power System

Power distribution system on a Telecom Base Site

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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts about Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products on telecom sites

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Low-Voltage Electrical Devices
l Definition:

Defined in AC area: ≤1200 V, 50/60 Hz


Defined in DC area: ≤1500 V

l Common Low-voltage electrical devices:

 Low-voltage Circuit Beaker

 Fuse

 Contactor

 Surge Protection Device (SPD)

 Switch

 Socket & Plug

 Others

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker
l Function
l Breaking normal load current
l Over-current protection
l Short circuit protection
l Classification
l By break off medium: Air breaker, Vacuum breaker, gas breaker;
l By installation mode: fixed type, insert type, drawer type;
l By tripper mode: Thermal-magnetic (TM) , hydraulic-pressure magnetic (HM)
l Common used breakers
l Mould Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
l Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
l Hydraulic-pressure Magnetic Circuit Breaker
l Special usage breakers
l Residual Current Device (RCD) ----Leakage current protection
l Auto-reclosing breaker

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Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers
MCCB
l used in industrial areas widely.
l carry heavy current (hundreds of amperes).
l High breaking capability (Icu).
l operated rapidly.
l The tripping devices are interchangeable and adjust
able.
l Intelligent monitoring functions: catenation, remote c
ontrol alarms and data transmission.

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Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker
MCB
l Features
l Carry miniature current (from 1 A to 100 A usually)
l Has a general size in appearance
l mounted on standard 35mm rail (DIN)
l Nearest to the loads, requires the beautiful appearance

l Main parameters
l Poles: 1,2,3…
l Rated current In ： 6A, 10A, 16A, 32A, 40A, 63A, 100A…
l Rated voltage Un ： 230V/400Vac, 60Vdc
l Rated breaking current Icu ： 4.5kA ， 6kA ， 10kA…
l Characteristic: B, C or D
l Tripping principle: Thermal-Magnetic tripping （ TM ）

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker
Tripping Characteristics of MCB
l Definition:

l B, C, D according to IEC 60898

p Z, K according to IEC 60947-2

l Application:
l Characteristics B: protecting the low-inductance industrial and
commercial lighting system.
l Characteristics C: protecting the high-inductance industrial
and commercial lighting system and residence distribution.
l Characteristics D: protecting the high-inductance or big inrush
current power distribution system.
l Characteristics K: protecting the motor driving system or
transformer power distribution system.
l Characteristic C is suggested for the small air breaker in
telecom power distribution system

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers
Hydraulic-pressure Magnetic Circuit Breaker
l High precision and reliability

l Wide temperature range (-40℃ and +85 ℃)

l Applicable to DC (≤80V) and AC circuit

l With poor breaking capability

l Working modes: instant delay, short delay,

middle delay and long delay

l Expensive

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 Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers
Residual Current Device (RCD)
l Principle
 Kirchoffs Law: ∑I=0
 Earth leakage current protector
l Classification:
p By Principle:
Magnetic type RCD
 Electromagnetic type
 Electronic type

p By over current protection:

 Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)
 Residual current Circuit Breaker with Over-current prote
ction (RCBO)

p By relay time: instant type, selected type RCCB

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Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers
Auto-reclosing breaker
composing
 Auto-reclosing auxiliary
 MCB

Application
To operate by remote control the opening and closing of the contacts
To intended for tertiary installations, difficult to reach, insulated, without human presence sites

Schneider—Auto-reclosing auxiliary & MCB

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Contactors
l Contactors
l A kind of widely used switches
l Controlling the main circuit of the loop based on
the magnetic principle
l
Applicable to the remote control circuits
AC Contactor
l Classification:
l Based on the operating modes: magnetic,
pneumatic and magnetic-pneumatic
l Based on the extinguishing medium: air contactors,
oil-immersed contactors and vacuum contractors
l Currently, the magnetic air AC or DC contractors are
in most common use. DC Contactor

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 Fuses
l Fuses
l Widely applied in low voltage distribution and control systems
Fuses
l One key short-circuit protection device for a single electrical equipment.

l Classification:
l
Based on the breaking range: g (for full range breaking) and a (for partial breaking)

l
Based on the classification: G (common fuse) and M (for motor circuits)

l Feature parameters
Holders
l Rated voltage

l Rated current

l Rated breaking capability

l Time-Current feature
Pullers

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 Surge Protection Device (SPD)

Distant lightning
Direct & close lightning strike
10 kV
L1
L2
L3
PEN

1b

Rst

Information System Power System

Thunderstorm causes the induced lightning strike and over-voltage

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 Surge Protection Device (SPD)
l Lightning current wave
l Simulated wave, non-periodic transient
current, peak

l Head time: 0100%

l Wave length time ： 0100%50%

l Definition:
Due to the oscillation and superposition, w
e usually use T1/T2 to define it.
 Apparent front time: T1
 Apparent wave length time: T2

Defined by IEC standards: 8/20 us, 10/350us, …

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 Surge Protection Device (SPD)
Gradual Lightning Protection

Protection class of SPD:

Class I,II,III, by IEC standard
Class B, C, D, by VDE standard (German)

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Surge Protection Device (SPD)
Surge Protection components:

Item Gas Discharge Thyristor Surge Metal Oxide Varis Transient Voltage
Tube (GDT) Suppressor (TS tor (MOV) Suppressor (TVS)
S)

Symbol

Leakage current no small small small

Reacting time Slow (us) Faster (ps) Quick (1ns-20ns) Faster (ps)

Carrying current Huge small Big （ 250A~6500 small

(5kA~20kA) A）

worse indicator yes no yes no

Fault status Open circuit Short circuit Short circuit Short circuit

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 Surge Protection Device (SPD)
l Surge protection circuit
 Consisting of GDTs, MOVs, TVSs, fuse tu
bes, coil inductance etc.
 Used to be integrated on PCB

l SPD module
 Consisting of GDTs, MOVs etc.
 Mould case
 Rail mounted
l E.g. : SPD Class II (equal to class C):
l In=20kA (8/20us)
l Imax=40kA (8/20us)

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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts about Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products description

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Power Distribution inside the Power System

Electrical principle diagram of Minipower -TP48300/A

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 Power Distribution inside the Power System

Important Unimportant
Battery loads loads
fuses branches branches

PMU

Reserved MCB for AC surge 4 copper bars

space for 6 AC input protector for cables
MCB unction
PMU

Subrack
PSU1 PSU2 PSU3

PSU4 PSU5 PSU6

Layout inside the cabinet of Minipower - TP48300/A

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Power Distribution inside the Power System
Input AC Distribution:

l 63A/3P MCB
l Class C surge protector
l Copper bars for L1, L2, L3 and N.
l Kevin wiring for SPD

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Power Distribution inside the Power System
l Circuit breakers & cables design
l Max. DC output capacity: 2900W*6= 17400W (for 50A rectifier module, max outp
ut power is 2900W).
l Input AC current: 17400W/0.9/(3*220V)=30A.
l Consider the temperature derating factor 0.79 (supposed max 45 ℃ indoor), 30A/
0.79=38A.
l According the max. current value (38A), we can select the proper MCB and cable
s sections.
l About TP48300/A
 Input AC MCB: 63A/3P is selected.
 Section of Cables (L1(L11),L2(L21),L3(L31),N) : 10mm 2

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 Power Distribution inside the Power System
l DC distribution:
l Battery fuses: 100A*2
l Unimportant loads branches:
 Fuse 100A *3
 Fuse reserved*1
l Important loads branches:
 MCB 63A*1
 MCB 32A*1
 MCB 16A*1
 MCB reserved*2
l BLVD Contactor
l LLVD Contactor
l Precision resistor: 300A/75mV
l Positive and negative bus bars

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 Power Distribution inside the Power System
l Internal ground cable design:
l The internal subracks PGND and RTN should be separated to prevent shortcircuit.
l Ground screws with section area greater than 2.5mm2 are necessary for the boxes.
l The yellow/green cable is adopted.

l External ground cable design:

l The distance between the device and the user ground bars should not exceed 30
m, and the shorter, the better.
l If the distance is longer than 30m, users are required to reset the ground bars
nearby.

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 Contents
1. Basic Concepts about Power Distribution

2. Low-Voltage Electrical Devices

3. Power Distribution design inside the Power System

4. Power Distribution products description

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 Power Distribution Products description
Power Distribution Frame (PDF) in core room

DC PDF DC PDF AC PDF

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Power Distribution Products description
Power Distribution products in shelter

PMB
DCDB

ACDB

SPD

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Power Distribution Products description
Power Distribution sub-racks (19 inch)

DC Power distribution rack

DC Power system rack

AC Power distribution rack

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 Questions
l Can you list three low-voltage distribution devices.
l How many contactors in the Minipower (TP48300/A)?

What are the functions?

l List the power distribution products in telecom room.

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Thank You
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