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Superposition of Parallel Conditions

The document discusses the superposition of two or more simple harmonic oscillations. It covers adding SHMs with equal frequencies and different frequencies for both collinear and perpendicular oscillations. Specific topics include resultant amplitude and phase for equal frequencies, and beat frequencies for different frequencies. An example problem on energy and current in an LC circuit is also presented.

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Umair Khan
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18 views29 pages

Superposition of Parallel Conditions

The document discusses the superposition of two or more simple harmonic oscillations. It covers adding SHMs with equal frequencies and different frequencies for both collinear and perpendicular oscillations. Specific topics include resultant amplitude and phase for equal frequencies, and beat frequencies for different frequencies. An example problem on energy and current in an LC circuit is also presented.

Uploaded by

Umair Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Waves and Oscillations

Course Code – PHY 230


Class: Bachelor of Science in Physics
Semester: 3rd -FA23, Secession (A)

Week:3rd (25-28) Sep


Lecture: 1st and 2nd
Instructor: Dr. Muhammad Ajmal khan
Email: [email protected]

Department of Physics
COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI),
Lahore Campus
Superposition of Two or more Simple
Harmonic Oscillations
Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic Oscillations

1- Addition of Two S.H.M having Equal Frequencies


2- Addition of Two S.H.M having Different Frequencies

Superposition of Two Perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations


1- Addition of Two SHM having Equal Frequencies
2-Addition of Two SHM having Different Frequencies (Lissajous Figures)
Superposition of
Two Collinear Harmonic Oscillations

1- Addition of Two S.H.M having Equal Frequencies

2- Addition of Two S.H.M having Different Frequencies


1- Addition of Two S.H.M having Equal Frequencies
Let us consider two SHMs of equal frequencies but of different amplitudes and
phase constant acting on a particle in the x-direction.
The displacement and and having the SHM of frequency ,
𝒙 𝟏= 𝑨 𝟏 𝑺𝒊𝒏( 𝝎 𝒕 +𝝋 𝟏) 𝒙 𝟐= 𝑨 𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏( 𝝎 𝒕 +𝝋 𝟐)
and the initial phases of two motions .

The Resultant displacement at any instant


𝒙 =𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒙 𝟐= 𝑨𝟏 𝑺𝒊𝒏 ( 𝝎 𝒕 +𝝋 𝟏 ) + 𝑨 𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏( 𝝎 𝒕 +𝝋 𝟐)
𝒙= 𝑨 𝟏 ( 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝝎 𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝝋 𝟏+𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝝎 𝒕 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝝋 𝟏 ) + 𝑨𝟐 (𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝝎 𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝝋 𝟐+𝑪𝒐𝒔 𝝎 𝒕 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝝋 𝟐)
𝒙 =¿
𝒙 =¿

Now let us suppose that


=

𝒙 =¿
𝒙 = 𝑨 ¿
𝒙 = 𝑨 ¿
This shows that the resultant motion is SHM with angular frequency “ ” as
same as that of the individual SHMs.
The Resultant has amplitude and Phase constant

Conclusion: superposition of collinear SHM is also a SHM of same


frequency but different amplitude and phase constant.
Case-1: (Maximum amplitudes)
When the phase difference between the two individual motions is zero or any
integral multiple of

Case-2: (Minimum amplitudes)


Where
2- Addition of Two S.H.M having Different Frequencies
𝑤𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑡 h𝑒𝑟𝑒

𝑥= 𝐴 𝑚 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 𝜔𝑎 𝑡 + 𝛿 𝑚 ) ( 2.21)

𝑊h𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛿𝑚 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠

2 2 2
𝐴 𝑚= 𝐴1 + 𝐴 2 +2 𝐴 1 𝐴 2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 2 𝜔 𝑚 𝑡 ) ( 2.22)

( 𝐴 1 − 𝐴 2 ) 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜔 𝑚 𝑡
tan 𝛿 𝑚 = (2.23 )
( 1
𝐴 + 𝐴 2) 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜔 𝑚 𝑡
The eq (2.21) is resemblance with the eq of SHM but not clear. In fact , the oscillations described by eq (2.21)
is not harmonic, since its amplitude both varying with time according to the
eq (2.22) and (2.23).
This oscillation can, at best , be described as periodic with an angular frequency
Component frequencies

𝜔 2 ≅ 𝜔 1 𝑜𝑟 𝜔 𝑚 ≪ 𝜔𝑎
2 2 2
𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡h𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞 ( 2.22 ) 𝐴 𝑚= 𝐴1 + 𝐴 2 +2 𝐴 1 𝐴 2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( 2 𝜔 𝑚 𝑡 )
1
𝑡 𝑏=
𝜈2 −𝜈1

𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =𝜈𝑏 =1/ 𝑡 𝑏=𝜈 2 −𝜈 1


Examples
and
Problems
Problem :
An oscillating LC circuit consists of a 75.0 mH inductor and a 3.60 µF
capacitor. If the maximum charge on the capacitor is 2.90 µC,
(a) what is the total energy in the circuit
(b) what is the maximum current?

𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔 , 𝑬=𝑬𝒆+ 𝑬𝒎

= Constant
Energy in capacitor = maximum
, Energy in insulator =zero

, 0,

2.90 x 10-6 C

But 3.60 x 10-6 F

1.17 J.
,

, ,

√
𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 ,𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒙 =

But .75 H In inductor Em=Ee


𝟐 𝑬𝒎
𝑳

5.58 x 10-3 A
t

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