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Data Link Layer

The document discusses node to node communication at the data link layer, including links and nodes, the data link control and media access control sublayers, IP and link layer addressing, and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) including its operation and packet format.

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coffee1202030
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15 views

Data Link Layer

The document discusses node to node communication at the data link layer, including links and nodes, the data link control and media access control sublayers, IP and link layer addressing, and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) including its operation and packet format.

Uploaded by

coffee1202030
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Link Layer

Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Session Objectives

After going through this session you will be able to understand:

 Node to node communication


 Nodes and Links
 Data link control layer
 Media access control layer
Node to Node Communication

 The Internet is a combination of networks glued together by connecting devices (routers or


switches).
 If a packet is to travel from a host to another host, it needs to pass through these networks.
Nodes and Links
 Communication at the data-link layer is node-to-node.
 A data unit from one point in the Internet needs to pass through many networks (LANs and
WANs) to reach another point.
 Theses LANs and WANs are connected by routers.
 The routers are taken as nodes and the networks in between as links.
Data Link Layer Services
• The data-link layer provides services to the network layer; it receives services from
the physical layer.
• Services at Data Link layer can be divided into two sub layers: data link control
(DLC) and media access control (MAC).
IP and Link Layer Addressing
Three Level of Addressing
• Link-layer protocols define three types of addresses: unicast, multicast, and broadcast.
• The MULTICAST link-layer addresses are 48 bits (six bytes) that are presented as 12
hexadecimal digits separated by colons. The second digit needs to be an odd number.

A3:34:45:11:92:F1
• The UNICAST link-layer addresses are 48 bits (six bytes) that are presented as 12
hexadecimal digits separated by colons. The second digit, however, needs to be an even
number in hexadecimal.

A2:34:45:11:92:F1
• The BROADCAST link-layer addresses are 48 bits, all 1s, that are presented as 12
hexadecimal digits separated by colons.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

• Anytime a node has an IP datagram to send to another node in a link, it has the IP address of
the receiving node.
• However, the IP address of the next node is not helpful in moving a frame through a link; we
need the link-layer address of the next node.
• This is the time when the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) becomes helpful.
• Position of ARP in TCP/IP protocol suite is shown below.
ARP Operation
ARP Packet Format
Summary

In this section we have discussed the following:

Link and Nodes


Communication at Data Link Layer
ARP protocol

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