GOOD

MORNIN
G GRADE
9!
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to:
a. identify the tips on how to spot factual or truthful
information;
b. determine whether the statement is analogical,
testimonial, anecdotal or analogical; and
c. administers summative test to assess the mastery level
of the students on the competency Judge the relevance
and worth of ideas, soundness of author’s reasoning and
the effectiveness of the presentation
I have a question to you class,
have you cross-checked the
information you encounter with
multiple reputable sources to
ensure its accuracy?
Relevance is how appropriate
something is to what is being said at
a given time.

Truth is something that has been

proven by facts or sincerity.
 tips on how to Spot Factual or Truthful Information

1. CONSIDER THE SOURCE- Investigate the

site you are viewing or reading.

2. READ BEYOND- Headlines can be

outrageous in an effort to get clicks, so you should
focus on the whole story. You have to read and
look for details such as statistics, date, name, etc.
3. CHECK THE AUTHOR- Do a quick
search on the author to find out if they
are real and credible.

4. VERIFY SUPPORTING
SOURCES- Determine if the given
information actually supports the story.
5. CHECK THE DATE- Reposting old
news stories does not mean they’re
relevant to current events. It should be
updated.

6. CHECK YOUR BIASES- Consider

if your own beliefs could affect your
judgement.
Infographic- It is a visual
representation of information or
data, specifically a collection of
imagery, charts, and minimal text
that gives an easy-to-understand
overview of a topic.
The main purpose of an
infographic is to communicate
information quickly and
effectively, often through the use
of colors, icons, and other visual
cues.
EVIDENCE is the available
body of facts or information
indicating whether a belief or
proposition is true or valid.
 Step-by-step Guide in Analyzing and
Evaluating Validity of Evidence.
1. ARGUMENTATION- identify the
point/claim the author is trying to prove.

2. SPECIFICITY- Identity specific facts,

data. statistics, examples that support the
point.
3.RELEVANCE
Explain how the pieces of
evidence are related to the
claim.
Study this example:
We should set a limit to our game time. In my experience, spending
so much on computer games prevents me from submitting my
modules on time which resulted to failing grades.

Point/Claim: We should set a limit in playing computer games.

Evidence: In my experience, spending so much on computer games
prevents me from submitting my modules on time which resulted to
failing grades.

Relation of the Evidence to the Point/Claim: The evidence reflects

the possible outcome of excessive online gaming based on the
speaker's experiences.
 The four types of evidence
1. STATISTICAL EVIDENCE
- It is known as the strongest type of evidence.
It comes in a form of number, percentage, or
surveyed type data.
Example:
- A study showing that 80% of students who
participate in extracurricular activities have higher
academic performance compared to those who do
not.
2. TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE
-Use of celebrities is the core of this second
type of evidence. However, experts and
authorities can also be used to collect
testimonial evidence.
Example:
-Anne Curtis, a well-known actress
recommends that this shampoo smoothens
our hair.
3. ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE
-It is often dismissed as untrustworthy and
meaningless. When the speaker does
storytelling, anecdotal evidence is utilized.
Example:
- I have seen my classmate struggle from
bullying. There are lots of words they have to
hear and take everyday. We must stop
bullying and start treating each other equally.
4. ANALOGICAL EVIDENCE
-t is regarded as the weakest evidence. When
information about something is scarce and
little is known, analogical evidence is often
used in a formal argument to increase
credibility of the proof.
Example:
-My boyfriend cheated on me, that’s why all
men are cheater.
An argument tries to
convince us that something is
true. Keep in mind that an
argument to be considered
one has to consist of: 1)
conclusion and 2) premise.
The conclusion is the idea we
are convinced to believe, and
premise is the support or
reason showing that the
conclusion is true. An argument
may be supported with more
than one premise.
There are some words or phrases that
may serve as your cue words in
determining conclusions and premises.
Note that the list is not limited to these
and although their use helps indicate the
conclusion and premise, they are not a
requirement. However, their use helps
you form a coherent statement in
expressing your argument.
 Conclusion Premise Indicators
Indicators
therefore, hence, since, for, given
implies that, it that, for the reason
follows that, so, that, because, as,
thus, consequently is shown by the
fact that
What is Logical Fallacy?
-A reasoning error that weakens or
invalidates the argument.

Remember: Arguments formed using

fallacies may be valid, but they are NOT
sound!
Here are some examples of logical fallacies:

HASTY GENERALIZATION
Making assumptions about a whole group or
range of cases based on a sample that is
inadequate or not enough
✓ Do not make a claim and say it is true if only
based on just an evidence or two.
POST HOC
Stressing that two events or concepts are
related in the sense that one causes another
when they’re actually not.
✓ Do not assume the cause-and-effect
relationship between two concepts or events
without considering other factors.
SLIPPERY SLOPE
Claiming a sort of chain reaction will take place,
usually ending in some dire consequence, but
there’s really not enough evidence
✓ Do not slide all the way down or exaggerate in
picturing the consequences attributed to a
particular event.
 APPEAL TO AUTHORITY
Referring to known personalities to back up a
claim, but aren’t really experts particularly in line
with the issue at handinstead of citing evidence
✓ Do not impress readers with a famous name or a
supposed authority who really does not have an
expertise on the matter being discussed.
Directions: Analyze and identify each
statement as one of the four types of
evidence: statistical, testimonial,
anecdotal, or analogical. Write your
answer in your English notebook.

1. According to a study published in the

Journal of Medicine, 80% of patients who
took the new medication reported a decrease
in symptoms within two weeks.
2. John, a long-time user of this product,
claims that it has significantly improved
his productivity at work.

3. I know someone who quit smoking

and lived to be 90 years old, so quitting
smoking must lead to a longer life.
4. In a survey conducted by our
marketing team, 90% of customers said
they would recommend our services to a
friend.

5. Just like how exercise strengthens

muscles, solving puzzles strengthens the
brain.
Directions: Read and analyze the given
statements below. Identify if the statement is
an example of Statistical, Testimonial,
Anecdotal, or Analogical. Write your answer in
your Notebook.

1. Forty-nine million individuals will be added

to the country’s population by 2010-2045
representing an average annual growth rate of
1.21 percent.
2. This weight loss product is very
effective. I have been only using for
weeks and I can already see the results.

3. This toothpaste brand will make your

teeth whiter and your breath fresher.
4. The Philippine poverty rate decreased
from 23.3% in 2015 to 16.7% in 2018 and
is expected to decline further in the
following years.

5. Studies show that handwashing

practices could cut the rate of respiratory
infections by more than 20%.
Test 1.
Directions: Read the sentences carefully and
determine whether the statement is true or
false. Write YES if the statement is true and
NO if it is false.

1. Relevance is how appropriate something is

to what is being said at a given time.
2. is something that has been
proven by facts or sincerity.
3. Check the author is doing a quick
search on the author to find out if
they are real and credible.
4. Check your biases is consider if
your own beliefs could affect your
judgement.
5. Infographic is a visual representation of
information or data, specifically a collection of
imagery, charts, and minimal text that gives
an easy-to-understand overview of a topic.
6. Evidence is the available body of facts or
information indicating whether a belief or
proposition is true or valid.
7. Argumentation is to identify the point/claim
the author is trying to prove.
8. Specificity explain how the pieces
of evidence are related to the claim.
9.Testimonial evidence is often
dismissed as untrustworthy and
meaningless.
10. Analogical evidence is often used
in a formal argument to increase
credibility of the proof.
11. Hasty generalization is a fallacy
committed when making assumptions about
a whole group or range of cases based on a
sample that is inadequate or not enough.
12. Fallacies are considered errors in
argumentative.
13. Logical fallacy is a reasoning error that
weakens or invalidates the argument.
14. Slippery slope is stressing that two
events or concepts are related in the
sense that one causes another when
they’re actually not.
15. Appeal to authority is referring to
known personalities to back up a claim,
but aren’t really experts particularly in line
with the issue at hand instead of citing
evidence.
16. An opinion is a personal claim that does
not necessarily require support and certain
qualities, an argument on the other hand is a
claim that needs to be worth making, valid,
sound, logical, and must be provided with
reasonable, relevant, and sufficient support.
17. The conclusion is the idea we are
convinced to believe, and premise is the
support or reason showing that the
conclusion is true.
Test II.
Instruction: For identification.
Number your paper 18-21. Write the four
types of evidence.

22-25. Write the four examples of logical

fallacies.