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Quarter 4 (Week 3)

The document discusses three common data collection methods for research: observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Observation involves watching subjects and can be participant or non-participant. Interviews can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. Questionnaires contain a list of questions for written responses and can be postal or self-administered.

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catherine saldevia
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22 views15 pages

Quarter 4 (Week 3)

The document discusses three common data collection methods for research: observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Observation involves watching subjects and can be participant or non-participant. Interviews can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. Questionnaires contain a list of questions for written responses and can be postal or self-administered.

Uploaded by

catherine saldevia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Collection, Data

Gathering
Instrument and Analysis
Procedure
One of the most interesting parts of research
is meeting the respondents and getting
information from them. The main role of the
researcher is to think about which data collection
method must be used to have valid and reliable
findings. There are three methods a researcher
can use in obtaining the data needed, these are
through observation, interview, and
questionnaire.
1. Observation

is a technique of gathering data


whereby you watch, interact, or
communicate with the subjects
of your research. (Meng 2012)
Types of Observation
✓ Participant Observation - the researchers take
part in the activities of the individual or group.
They could directly obtain first hand knowledge
about the subjects’ behavior and they could
record their experiences through descriptive
observation and narrative account.
✓ Non – Participant or Structured
Observation – this observation
completely detaches you from the
target observation, all you need to do
is to listen and watch them and have
your checklist.
Methods of Observation
✓ Direct Observation – this
observation method makes you see
or listen to everything that happens
in the area of observation.
✓ Indirect Observation – this
method is also called archaeology
because here you observe traces of
past events to get information or a
measure of behavior, trait, or
quality of your subject.
2. Interview
is a data-gathering technique that
makes you verbally ask the subjects or
respondents questions to answer what
your research study is trying to look
for.
Types of Interview

✓ Structured Interview – this requires


the use of an interview schedule or list
ofquestions answerable with the only
item from a set of alternative
responses.
✓ Unstructured Interview – the respondents
answer the questions based on what they think
and feel about it. There are no suggested
answers.
✓ Semi-Structured Interview – this is a
combination of the first two types of interviews.
Here you prepare a list of questions with
responses, then you can ask the respondents for
their reasons or explanations.
In doing an interview, there are three approaches that you can follow;
Individual Interview, Group Interview, and Mediated Interview
3. Questionnaire
– it is a paper containing a list of
questions including the specific place
and space in the paper where you
write the answers to the questions.
(Babbie 2013)
Types of Questionnaire

✓ Postal Questionnaire – this


type of questionnaire goes to
the respondent through postal
service or electronic mail.
✓ Self - Administered Questionnaire –
this makes you act as the interviewer
and the interviewee at the same time.
First, you ask questions either in person
or through the phone; then, you write
his/her responses on a piece of paper.
(Barbour 2014)

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