CRIMSOC 5

JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY AND
JUVENILE JUSTICE
SYSTEM
PREPARED BY:
JENNISA N. GACO, RCRIM
 MODULE 1:
INTROUCTION
TO
JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
 JUVENILE
A child or a young person, below
the age of maturity, that is below
eighteen years old.
 DELINQUENT
One who is committed an offense that
violated the approved norms of
conduct .

Term for CHILDREN

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Used to describe a large number of
disapproved behavior of children and
youths
Act committed by MINORS
YOUTHFUL OFFENDER
Refers to a youth who is found guilty
by the court for the commission of an
offense after his 9th but before his
18th birthday
PARENTAL AUTHORITY
It includes the rearing (look after) and
caring of children for civic
consciousness and efficiency and the
development of their moral, mental,
physical character and well-being.
 AGE OF MAJORITY
Commences at the age of 18 years old

RA 6809
The law amending to lowered the age
of majority from 21 to 18 years old
- APPROVED ON DECEMBER 13, 1989
 LESSON 1:
CONCEPT
OF
JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
 STAGES OF
DELIQUENCY
EMERGENCE (8-12)
The child begins with
petty larceny between
and sometimes
during the 12 year
th
EXPLORATION (12-14)
The child move on to
shoplifting and vandalism
between ages 12 to 14
 EXPLOSION (13-up)
At the age of 13, substantial
increase in variety and
seriousness (of act)
CONFLAGRATION
(15-UP)
And at the age of 15,
four or more types of
crime are added
 OUTBURST
Those who continue on
adulthood will progress
into more sophisticated
or more violent forms of
criminal behavior
 YEAR 1800s
If a juvenile committed a crime, they
were punished the SAME WAY in which
an adult would be punished.
The ideology of treating juveniles the
same as adults all stemmed from the
ENGLISH COMMON LAW.
 SAVING OUR CHILDREN
The 1800s was the beginning of the Child
Saving Movement. With the creation of this
movement, the child savers focus was to create
programs that focused on reforming juveniles.
To accomplish this, the New York House of
Refuge was instituted in 1825. The idea behind
this institution was to take those juveniles who
were considered at risk on the streets and
reform them into a setting that was conducive
to them, which was usually in a family like
setting.
 JUVENILE COURT
In 1899, the 1st Juvenile Court was established
in Illinois.
The development of the juvenile court was to
allow for it to have jurisdiction over any child
under the age of 16 who was guilty of violating
the law, providing care to those children who
were being neglected, and to ensure the
separation of juvenile and adult offenders.
JUVENILE COURT ACT OF
1899
was a major movement in Juvenile Justice
System.
How juveniles were punished for crimes in
which they committed, was a lot different
than the punishment handed down to adult
offenders.
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
The concept behind the Juvenile Justice
System was to allow youths to admit to their
guilt and focus on rehabilitating the juveniles
not through punishment but rather by
identifying what the needs of the youth was
and finding a solution for their problem.
 YEAR 1960
The Supreme Court decided juveniles should
have the “right to due process”.
This would mean they would have the same
rights as that of an adult offender to include,
the right to confront their witness, the right
to counsel and formal notice of the charges
against them.
DELINQUENCY in GENERAL
Refers to any action; course or conduct that
deviates from acts approved by the majority
of people.
It is a description of those act that do not
conform to the accepted rules, norms and
mores of the society.

DELINQUENCY, therefore, is a general term

for any misconduct or misbehavior that is
tantamount to FELONY or OFFENSE.
CONCEPT OF PARENS PATRIAE
It can be traced to medieval
England. Parens Patriae provided
the legal foundation for the state to
intervene in families to protect
children.

“Not all youths are equally

susceptible to becoming
delinquents”
The FIVE LEVELS of concern that
represent shortcomings in the lives
of delinquents are:
1. Child
2. Family
3. School
4. Peer Group
5. Community
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Also called “abnormal psychology”,
the study of mental disorders and
unusual or maladaptive behaviors.
An understanding of the genesis of
mental disorders is critical to
mental health professionals in
psychiatry, psychology, and social
work.
INDIVIDUAL VIEWS
OF DELINQUENCY:
CHOICE AND TRAIT
 CHOICE THEORY
Maintains that delinquency is
rational and can be prevented by
punishment that is sufficiently
severe and certain.
Delinquents who choose crime
must evaluate the characteristics of
a target to determine its suitability.
ROUTINE ACTIVITY
THEORY
Suggest that delinquent acts are a
function of motivated offenders,
lack of capable guardians and
availability of suitable targets.
GENERAL DETERRENCE
MODELS
Based on the fear of punishment. If
punishments are severe, swift, and
certain, then would-be delinquents
would choose not to risk breaking
the law.
Serve as a WARNING to the public
SPECIFIC DETERRENCE
MODELS
Aims at reducing crime through the
application of severe punishments.
Once offenders experience these
punishments they will be unwilling
to repeat their delinquent
activities.
Serve as a LESSON to the offender
itself
TRAIT THEORIES:
BIOSOCIAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL
VIEWS
 According to PSYCHODYNAMIC
THEORY, unconscious motivations
developed early in childhood propel
some people into destructive or
illegal behavior. Behaviorists view
aggression as a learned behavior.
Some learning is direct and
experiential OBSERVATIONAL, such
as watching TV and movies. A link
between media and violence has
not been proven.
 COGNITIVE THEORY stresses
knowing and perception. Some
adolescents have a warped view of
the world. There is evidence that
kids with abnormal or antisocial
personalities are delinquency-
prone. Although some experts find a
link between intelligence and
delinquency, others dispute any
linkage between IQ level and law-
violating behaviors.
 CHOICE THEORY
It suggests that juvenile offenders
are rational decision makers who
choose to engage in antisocial
activity because they believe their
actions will be beneficial. The 1st
formal explanation of crime held
that human behavior was a matter
of personal choice and freewill.
 CHOICE THEORY
CESARE BECCARIA and JEREMY
BENTHAM argued that people weigh
the consequences of their actions
before deciding on a course of
behavior which is called the
CLASSICAL THEORY. So in order to
deter crime, the pain of
punishment must outweigh the
benefit of illegal gain.
 DELINQUENCY
APPROACH
There is a positive correlation between
delinquency and mental deficiency which is
empirically established. The average
intelligence quotient of delinquent boys is
considered slightly less than that of non-
delinquent boys. But otherwise it is criticized
for having regarded IQ the only measurable
instrument of delinquency because
intelligence some extent depends on the
social environment.
XXY CHROMOSONAL ABNORMALITY
APPROACH
X chromosome: FEMALE
Y chromosome: MALE

The Male have XY and female have XX chromosomes.

The XY Y theory is concerned about the male who has
an extra Y chromosome, a super male with aggressive
tendencies in the possible criminal behavior. It is
indicated that XY Y male is more introverted and has
more a social attitude than that of the rest of the
population. He has tendency towards HOMOSEXUALITY
and AGGRESSIVENESS. But the casual relationship
between in the presence of XY Y syndrome and criminal
behavior is still needs to be experimentally established.
XXY CHROMOSONAL ABNORMALITY
APPROACH
23 chromosomes: FEMALE
23 chromosomes: MALE

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a TOTAL

of 46 chromosomes.
 The SOCIOLOGISTS argue that the
behavior is NOT inherited rather it is LEARNED
and is CONDITIONED by the environment.
 FAMILY AND DELINQUENCY
It is always viewed that FAMILY is the most important
social institution which determines the individual
behavior towards society for the simple reason that the
formation of basic personality of a child is completed in
the first 10 or 12 years of his life and it is pertinent a
fact that the family impact in this period is almost
exclusive.

FAMILY: is the CRADLE of human personality

 FAMILY AND DELINQUENCY
Twenty seven inadequate affection , either actual or as
perceived by the child , is affection , either actual or as
perceived by the child , is regarded as an important
contributory factor in developing ANTISOCIAL ATTITUDE.

Also considered that LACK OF AFFECTION may be due

to various reasons like disharmonious relationship
between parents and other members of family, so to say
the broken homes.
In fact in one of the earliest studies followed by Gluck’s
in 1950 found that incidence of BROKEN HOMES is more
among delinquents rather than non- delinquents and
delinquent boys are deprived of affection by their
parents and siblings.
 LESSON 2:
THE FAMILY
AND
DELINQUENCY
(4) TYPES OF DELINQUENT YOUTH

1. SOCIAL: aggressive youth who recent the

authority of anyone who make an effort to
control his behavior

2. NEUROTIC: he has internalize his conflicts

and pre-occupied with his own feelings
(4) TYPES OF DELINQUENT YOUTH

3. ASOCIAL: his delinquent act have a cold,

brutal, furious, quality for which the youth
feels no remorse
4. ACCIDENTAL: he is less identifiable in
character, essentially sociable and law
abiding… BUT it happens that he is in the
wrong place at the wrong time and
becomes involve in some delinquent act not
typical to his general behavior
 TYPES OF
DELINQUENTS
IN GENERAL
1. OCASSIONAL DELINQUENTS
 delinquents participated in a group,
characterized by occasional law-
breaking
2. GANG DELINQUENTS
 Generally, commits the most serious
infractions
 Semi-criminal behavior as an adult
3. MALADJUSTMENT
DELINQUENTS
 Asocial
 Weak ego
 poor personal relations and suffer
general social isolation
 Characterized by serious emotional
disturbances within the individual and
in some cases associated with
tendencies towards mental illness
CLASSIFICATION
OF
DELINQUENTS
1. UNSOCIALIZED AGGRESSION

Rejected or abandoned
No parents to imitate
become aggressive
2. SOCIALIZE AGGRESSION

Membership of fraternities or groups

that advocate bad things
3. OVER- INHIBITED

Group secretly trained to do illegal

activities, like marijuana cultivation
 WHAT IS
STATUS
OFFENSE?
 STATUS OFFENSE
Certain acts or omissions which
may not be punishable socially or
legally if committed by adults but
become anti- social or illegal because
the offender is a minor.
 CATEGORIES OF
STATUS OFFENSES
1. TRUANCY
Repeated or habitual unreasonable
absenteeism from school by any
juvenile subject to compulsory
education laws.
2. Use of PROFANE LANGUAGE

3. RUNNING AWAY from home

4. Smoking and drinking

ALCOHOL BEVERAGES:
Repeated possession and or consumption
of intoxicating beverages by a juvenile.
5. DISOBEDIENCE to parents,
guardians or school official

6. BEGGING in the streets

7. ASSOCIATION with delinquent

gangs
 LESSON 3:
CAUSATION
OF
JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
(FAMILY AND DELINQUENCY)
A. CHILD’S BIRTH ORDER IN
THE FAMILY
Birth order affects the delinquent
behavior with delinquency more likely
among middle children than 1st or last
children
B. FAMILY SIZE
Parents in larger families tend to have
more difficulty disciplining and
supervising their children than do
parents with smaller families
C. QUALITY OF HOME LIFE
poor family home life, measured by
marital adjustment and harmony within
the home, affects the rate of
delinquent behavior among children
more than whether or not the family is
intact.
OTHER CAUSES OF
JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
1. FAMILY REJECTION
 parental rejection leads to
delinquent behavior (juvenile)
2. DISCIPLINE IN THE HOME
 inadequate supervision and
discipline leads to delinquent
behavior (juvenile)
3. BROKEN HOME
 separation of parents
 also includes the presence of both
parents yet they are irresponsible
that children experience constant
quarrel at home
 TEENAGE PREGNANCY
(UNWED/ UNMARRIED)
more likely to experience NEGATIVE
health conditions in the relationship
of a mother to a child.
 CHILDREN who are raised
by SINGLE MOTHERS
The teenage mother has to leave
schools and find job to support her
child