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Lecture 3

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QUARTILES, DECILES, AND

PERCENTILES
(UNGROUPED DATA)
JESSIE P. DOLIA, LPT, MAED MATH, MS MATH
UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS - SOUTH CAMPUS
[email protected]
ASSESSMENT ON THE PREVIOUS LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Illustrate the center-radius form of Graph a circle and other geometric


the equation of a circle. figures on the coordinate plane.

1 2 3

Determine the center and the


radius of a circle given its
equations and vice-versa.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Illustrate quartiles, deciles, Interpret measures of


and percentiles position.

1 2 3 3

Calculate a specified Solve problems


measure of position. involving measures
of position
DRILLS
1. FIND THE My 5 test scores for Math 10
MEAN
(UNGROUPED DATA) are 95, 83, 92, 81, 75. What is
the mean?
Answer: Test mean = (95+83+92+81+75)/5 = 85.2
Mean (average) is computed by adding all the numbers in the data
together and dividing by the number of elements or cardinality of
the elements contained in the data set.
Given a sample of n data points, x1, x2, x3, … xn, the formula for
the mean or average is given below.
the sum of the data pts
x
 x

n the number data pts
DRILLS
2. FIND THE Here are a bunch of 10 point
MEDIAN quizzes from Math 10:
(UNGROUPED DATA) 9, 6, 7, 10, 9, 4, 9, 2, 9, 10, 7, 7,
5, 6, 7. What is the median?
Answer: As you can see there are 15 data points. Now arrange the data
points in order from smallest to largest.
2, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10
Calculate the location of the median: (15+1)/2=8.
The eighth piece of data is the median. Thus, the median is 7.
The median is the middle value of a distribution of data
• The location of the median can be calculated using this formula: (n+1)/2
• If (n+1)/2 is a whole number then that value gives the location. Just report
the value of that location as the median.
• If (n+1)/2 is not a whole number then the first whole number less than the
location value and the first whole number greater than the location value
will be used to calculate the median. Take the data located at those 2 values
and calculate the average, this is the median.
DRILLS
3. FIND THE MODE
(UNGROUPED DATA)
The scores of 10 students in a
Math test are 3, 10, 8, 8, 7, 8, 10,
3, 3, 3. What is the mode?
Answer: The mode of the above example is 3, because 3 has a
frequency of 4.

The mode is the most frequent number in


a collection of data.
RELEVANCE

To be able to evaluate our relative position


when interested in comparing performance and
knowing a ranking.
MEASURES OF POSITION

Used to describe the position


of a data value in relation to
the rest of the data.
Types:
1. Quartiles
2. Deciles
3. Percentiles
Quartiles
Q1, Q2, Q3
Quartiles are points that divide ranked scores or
data into four equal parts
Q1– LOWER QUARTILE

At most, 25% of data is smaller than Q1.


It divides the lower half of a data set in half.
Q2 - MEDIAN

The median divides the data set in half.


50% of the data values fall below the median and 50% fall
above.
Q3 – UPPER QUARTILE

At most, 25% of data is larger than Q3.


It divides the upper half of the data set in half.
If there are observations in a set of data, then can be
identified as the observation, and as the observation .
EXAMPLE 1. QUARTILES (UNGROUPED DATA)

Consider the data set:


a. . Find the lower quartile and the upper quartile.
b. . Find the median, and and the interquartile range.

Solution:
a. List the data in increasing order.

observation observation • The lower quartile , which is the 2nd


observation, is 19.
observation observation • The upper quartile , which is the 6th
observation, is 39.
2ndobservation 6thobservation
EXAMPLE 1. QUARTILES (UNGROUPED DATA)
b. . Find the median, and and the interquartile range.

Solution:
a. List the data in ascending order.

9 +1 9 +1 3 ( 9 +1 )
= 2.5 =5 4 =7.5
4 2
It shows that the median

32+ 36
𝑄1 = = 34 • Mean of the 2nd and 3rd terms. • Interquartile range .
2
.
54+ 57 .
𝑄 3= =55.5 • Mean of the 7th and 8th terms.
2
Percentiles
(99 Percentiles or kth Percentiles (for a given number k))

The percentiles are the scores-points that


divide a distribution into 100 equal parts.
Each set of data has 99 percentiles.
The cth percentiles, , separates the lowest c% from the other (100-c)%.
For example, the 10th percentile ( separates the lowest 10% from the
other 90%; the 25th percentile ( separates the lowest 25% from the
other 75% while the 80th percentile ( seprates the lowest 80% from
the other 20%. By definition, ; and
cth Percentiles at most c% at most (100 – c)%
Lowest 𝑃𝑐 Highest
The procedure for finding the value of any cth percentile involves the following steps:

1. Rank the data. Start the lowest value and proceed toward the larger values.
2. Determine the cth percentile.
- Locate where is the sample size and c the desired percentile. The value of determines the
location of .
- If is an integer, add 0.5 to locate when lies. That is, if , then is 17+0.5 or 17.5 which lies
between 17th and 18th terms.
- If is not an integer, then lies in the next larger integer. That is, if , then lies in the 18 th
term.
3. Find by counting over the ranked data until the value of term.
EXAMPLE 2. PERCENTILES (UNGROUPED DATA)
The scores of 50 students in the last Math Exam are given. Find (a.) the 10 th percentile , (b.) the 30th
percentile , (c.) the 75th percentile , and (d.) the 90th percentile .
Solution: Rank the data. A ranked list is given,
EXAMPLE 2. PERCENTILES (UNGROUPED DATA)
The scores of 50 students in the last Math Exam are given. Find the 10 th percentile , the 30th percentile , the
75th percentile , and the 90th percentile .
Solution:
a. To find the10th percentile , we need to find term
b. To find , we need to find where and
where and
𝑛𝑐 50(10) 𝑛𝑐 50 (30 )
= =5 𝑡h = = 15
100 100 100 100

Because is 5 (an integer) we add 0.5 Again, is 15 (an integer), so we add


to locate position. 0.5 to it to get 15.5.

Adding 0.5 to (5+0.5), we have 5.5. Thus, lies between the 15th and the
This means that is the value between 16th terms. Thus,
the 5th and the 6th terms. Thus,
EXAMPLE 2. PERCENTILES (UNGROUPED DATA)
The scores of 50 students in the last Math Exam are given. Find the 10 th percentile , the 30th percentile , the
75th percentile , and the 90th percentile .
Solution:

c. To find , we need to find , where and d. To find , we need to find where and

𝑛𝑐 50(75) 𝑛𝑐 50( 90)


= = 37.5 = =45
100 100 100 100
Because is 45 (an integer), so we
Because is 37.5 (not an integer), add 0.5 to it to get 45.5.
lies at the next larger integer.
Thus, Thus, lies between the 45th and
the 46th terms. Thus,
Deciles
D 1, D 2, D 3, D 4, D 5, D 6, D 7, D 8, D 9
Deciles are the score-points that divide a
distribution or ranked data into ten equal
parts. The deciles are computed in the
same way as the median, the quartiles, and
the percentiles were calculated.
EXAMPLE 3. DECILES (UNGROUPED DATA)

Calculating the position of Deciles

To calculate the position of deciles,


use the formula:

Position of
EXAMPLE 3. DECILES (UNGROUPED DATA)
Find the 7th decile (given the scores of
11 students in their Mathematics
activity.
1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 31, 3, 4, 21
Solution: Arrange the scores in ascending order.
1, 3, 4, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27,30, 31, 31
Position of • is the 8th
element.

¿ 8.4 • Therefore
≈ 8
IN SUMMARY…

• The measures of position are Quartiles, Percentiles and


Deciles.

• Used to describe the position of a data value in relation to the


rest of the data.
???

Do you have any questions or clarifications?

Thank you for attending today’s class


session. God bless and Stay safe!

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