Circles Determine by

Different Conditions
By: Group 5
Members:
Nicole Trixie Marquez
Darryns Sampiano Babac, Dan Gebriel Tuala
Jevey Joy Bagsit, Charles Dionio, Jinbheb Bargo, Earl Villanueva
 This section illustrates how to
establish the equation of a circle
given different conditions. Three of
the possible cases are presented in
the succeeding examples.
Example 1: Determine the equation of the circle which passes through the points P1 (-1,2), P2 (0,5), and P3
(2,1). Sketch the graph.

Solution:
Let P1(x1,y1) = (-1,2): (-1)2 + 22 + D(-1) + E(2) + F = 0
1 + 4 – D + 2E + F = 0
First Equation 5 – D + 2E + F = 0
P2(x2,y2): = (0,5): 02 + 52 + D(0) + E(5) + F = 0
0 + 25 + 5E + F = 0
Second Equation 25 + 5E + F = 0
P3(x3,y3) = (2,1): 22 + 11 + D(2) + E(1) + F = 0
4 + 1 + 2D + E + F = 0
Third Equation 5 + 2D + E + F = 0
Combine the first and the second equation:
25 + 0 + 5E + F = 0 Second
(-) 5 – D + 2E + F = 0 First
20 + D + 3E = 0 Fourth Equation
Combine the first and the third equation:
5 – D + 2E + F = 0 First
(-) 5 + 2D + E + F = 0 Third
- 3D + E = 0 Fifth Equation
Combine the fourth and the fifth equation and solve for E.
3 (20 + D + 3E = 0) 60 + 3D + 9E = 0
- 3D + E = 0 (+) - 3D + E = 0
60 + 10E = 0
10E = -60
E = -6
Substitute E = -6 to the fourth equation to obtain the value of D:
20 + D + 3E = 0
20 + D + 3(-6) = 0 Then, we substitute E = -6 to the
20 + D – 18 = 0 second equation to obtain the value
D+2=0 of F:
D = -2 25 + 5E + F = 0
25 + 5(-6) + F = 0
25 – 30 + F = 0
F–5=0
F=5
Lastly, we substitute D = -2, E = -6, and F = 5 to the general
equation of a circle:
x2 + y2 – Dx + Ey + F = 0
x2 + y2 - 2x – 6y + 5 = 0
Thus, the general equation of the circle is x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 5
=0 which contains the points (-1,2), (0,5), and (2,1).
Substituting the values of h, k and r2 to (x - h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 .
(x - h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
(x - 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 5
x2 – 2x +1 + y2 - 6y + 9 – 5 = 0
x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 5 = 0
Thus, the equation of the circle is x2 + y2 _ 2x – 6y + 5 = 0
y

(0,5)

(1,3)

(-1,2)
x
 Example 2: Determine the equation of the circle passing through (4, 0) and (3, 5) with a line 3x + 2y – 7 =0
passing through the center. Sketch the graph.

Solution:
Let P1 (x1, y1) = (4,0) and P2 (x2, y2) = (3,5).
r1 = the distance P1 (x1, y1) from to the center (h, k).
r2 = the distance P2 (x2, y2) from to the center (h, k).
 r1 = r2

(x – 4)2 + y2 = (x – 3)2 + (y – 5)2

x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 = x2 - 6x + 9 + y2 – 10y + 25
-8x + 6x + 10y + 16 – 9 – 25 = 0
-2x + 10y – 18 = 0
x – 5y + 9 = 0
Solve for the intersection of 3x + 2y – 7 = 0 and x - 5y + 9 = 0 to
establish the center of the circle.
3x + 2y – 7 = 0 3x + 2y – 7 = 0
3(x – 5y + 9 =0) (-) 3x – 15y + 27 = 0
17y – 34 = 0
3x + 2y – 7 = 0 17y = 34
3x + 2(2) – 7 = 0 y=2
3x + 4 – 7 = 0
3x – 3 = 0
3x = 3
x=1
Thus, the center of the circle is (1, 2). Then we solve for the
radius r, we get
r = CP1 =
r=
r=
r=
r=
r2 = 13
Substituting the values of h, k and r2 to (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2.

(3, 5)

(1, 2)

(4, 0)
Example 3: Find the equation of the circle that circumscribe the triangle determined by
the lines x = 0, y = 0 and 3x + 4y – 24 = 0.
Sketch the graph.
Solution: We solve for the vertices of the triangle P1P2P3.
Combining equation x = 0 and y = 0 to determine the coordinate of P1, we get P1(x1, y1)
= (0,0).
Combining equation x = 0 and 3x + 4y – 24 = to determine the coordinate of P2, we get
3x = 4y = 24 = 0
3(0) + 4y – 24 = 0
4y - 24 = 0
4y = 24
y=6 The coordinates is P2(x2, y2) = (0,6).
Combining equation y = 0 and 3x + 4y – 24 = 0 to determine
the coordinate of P3 , we get
3x + 4y – 24 = 0
3x + 4(0) – 24 = 0
3x – 24 = 0
3x = 24
x=8

The coordinates is P3 (x3, y3) = (8,0).

Substituting, the vertices of the triangle in the general form
x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0.
If (x, y) = (0,0), then
02 + 02 +D(0) + E(0) + F = 0
0 + 0 + 0 + 0+ F = 0
F=0

If (x, y) = (0,6), then

02 + 62 +D(0) + E(6) + 0 = 0
0 + 36 + 0 + 6E+ 0 = 0
6E = -36
If (x, y) = (8,0), then
82 + 02 + D(8) + E(0) = 0
64 + 0 + 8D + 0 + = 0
P3(8,0)
64 + 8D = 0
8D = -64
(4, 3)
D = -8
y=0 P1(0, 0)

P2(0,6)

x=0
Tangent to a Circle

A tangent to a circle is a straight line

that intersects the circle at exactly one
point referred as the point of tangency.
 A. Tangent at a Given point
Example 1: Given the equation of the circle x2 + y2 – 8x – 14y +
45 = 0. Prove that x - 2y = 0 is a tangent to the circle. Sketch the
graph.
Solution:
Solving x – 2y = 0 in terms of y, we get x = 2y. Substitute x =
2y to the equation of the circle we get
 y

(6, 3)
x
Thus, the point of tangency is at (6, 3). Since there is only one solution, this shows that the
line x – 2y = 0 just touches the circle in one place and therefore it is a tangent.
Example 2: Find the equation of the tangent line to the circle x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 17 = 0 at the
point (-2,1). Sketch the graph.
 (-3, 5)

(-2, 1)

Therefore, the equation of the tangent line is x – 4y + 6 = 0.

Example 3: Find the equation of the circle with the center (4,0) and touching the line 2x – y
– 18 = 0. Sketch the graph.

Solution:
B. Tangent in Prescribed Direction
This section illustrates how to determine
the tangents parallel to the circle given an
equation of the line which is parallel or
perpendicular to the tangent line.
Example 4: Determine the lines tangent to the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 and parallel
to the line 3x + 4y – 30 = 0. Sketch the graph.
Solution:
Convert the equation of the circle x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0 in
standard form, we get
 3x + 4y – 26 = 0

r=5
(3, 2)

3x + 4y - 26

3x + 4y + 24 = 0
Example 5: Given a line x + 2y – 4 = 0 and circle x2 + y2 – 8x -4 = 0, find the equations
of the tangents to the circle which are perpendicular to the line

Solution:
Thus, (h, k) = (4, 0) and r2 = 20 or r =Then we apply the formula of a distance from a point to a
line letting (x1, y1) = (4, 0) and m2 = m = 2,we get
Substituting the values of m (slope) and b (y- intercept) in y +
mx + b, the equation of the tangents are y = 2x + 2 ( or 2x – y
+ 2= 0) and y = 2x – y – 18 (or 2x – y – 18 = 0).
y
2x – y + 2=0

2x – y – 18 = 0
(4, 0)

x + 2y – 4 = 0
C. Inscribed Circle in a Triangle
Inscribed circle or ( incenter of a
triangle) is the largest possible circle that can be
drawn inside the triangle in which each of the
triangles’ sides is a tangent to the circle. The
incenter is the point at which the angle bisectors
of a triangle intersect and it is the center of the
circle that can be inscribed in a triangle .
Example 6. A triangle has its sides having equation equal to 2x – y = 0, 2x + y – 16 = 0 and x
– 2y – 9 = 0. Find the equation of a circle inscribed in a triangle. Sketch the graph.

Solution:
Equating –r1 = r2 (angle bisector of L1 and L2) and r2 = r3 (angle bisector of L2 and L3),
we get
D. Tangents from a Point Outside the
Circle
This section illustrates how to determine
the tangents that contains a point outside the
circle.
Example 7: Find the equations of the tangent line to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y + 4 = 0
from the point (1,7). Sketch the graph.

Solution: