Science Grade 10

Quarter 4 - Module 2
Behavior of Gases

Regional Office IX, Zamboanga

Peninsula
Behavior of Gases
What I Need to Know

This module offers interesting discussions about gases. You will have a chance to
get to know important concepts that will make you appreciate the properties and
gases' behavior. It is here to help you master the concepts behind how gases
behave based on the motion and relative distances between gas particles
(S10MT-IVa-b-21)
 You learned in Grade 8 that, like
other solids and liquids, gases are also
made up of molecules that behave
differently. Most of the properties of gases
can be attributed to the random and
scattered arrangement of their molecules,
which are located as far away as
possible from each other because they To keep you track in studying
have a very weak intermolecular force of these Gas Laws, the previous week
attraction. dealt with the first and second
objectives. This week, we will study
the third objective; you should be
able to explain these
relationships using the kinetic
molecular theory.
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases or kinetic theory explains
the laws that describe the behavior of gases. Gas molecules
travel in a straight line until they collide with other molecules
(or walls of their container and any barrier) and change their
directions
The said theory explains gases' overall properties: volume,
pressure, and temperature considering their molecular
composition and motion. As pressure is caused by the
molecules colliding with each other and their container.
Kinetic theory is also known as collision theory.
Behavior of Gases

Have you ever notice the warning label in the aerosol container? What is the
temperature required for its storage? Have you seen an explosion of a can of this kind?
The explosion of this container is also an application of Combined Gas Law. “The
exposure to high temperature increases the kinetic energy of the gases causing an
increase in the high pressure due to the increased collision of the gases on the walls.
An increase in pressure would result in expansion of volume. But because the can is
contained, thus the container explodes.”
No one is credited for the Combined Gas Law. Putting together Boyle’s
Law and Charles' Law will result in this statement. "The pressure and volume
of a gas are inversely proportional to each other but are both directly
proportional to the temperature of that gas.
 Let's use the Combined Gas Law in determining the change in the
final volume, temperature, or pressure of gases.
P₁ V₁= P₂ V₂
T₁

T₂
note: 1 stands for initial like P₁ is initial
pressure; 2 stands for final like P₂ is final
pressure;
P – pressure, V – volume, T – temperature
Sample Problem 1: The oxygen tank manufacturer used
to produce 5.0 L oxygen tanks at 2000 psi or pounds per
square (unit for pressure) and 25°C. Statistics suggests
that the 3.0 L oxygen tank at 1500 psi more marketable.
What temperature requirement is needed to produce a 3
L oxygen tank at 1500 psi?
(Step 1: Identify the Initial Conditions Final
problem, what is needed? Condition
Write the given.) The given V₁ = 5.0 L V₂ =
values are: 3.0 L
Note: the temperatureT₁ = for this+gas
25°C 273law mustKbe
= 298 T₂ = ?
in Kelvin. To convert Celsius (C) to kelvin (k),
add 273, if k to °c, deduct 273 P₁ = 2000 psi P₂
= 1500 psi
(Step 2: Extract the needed formula) The
Formula: P₁ V₁ = P₂ V₂ T₁ T₂

Since T₂ (final temperature) is missing, cross

multiply the formula. P₁ V₁ P₂ V₂ T₁ Then it will
be P₁V₁T₂ = T₁P₂V₂.

Since we need T₂, divide each side with P₁V₁ to

extract T₂. P₁ V₁ T₂ = T₁P₂ V₂ P₁ V₁ T₂ = T₁P₂ V₂ P₁ V₁
P₁ V₁ P₁ V₁ P₁ V₁ Cancel out with the same value
for it will give you 1, making it: T₂ = T₁P₂ V₂ P₁ V
(Step 3: Substitute the value and
solve) The solution: T₂ = T₁P₂ V₂ P₁
V₁ T₂ = 298 K x 1500 psi x 3.0
L=1,341,000 K= 134.1 K
2000 psi x 5.0 L 10,000

Note: cancel out the same unit

and copy the remaining unit

T₂= 1,341,000 K 10,000 T₂ = 134.1

K
Checking: P₁ V₁ = P₂ V₂ T₁ T₂ 2000 psi x 5.0 L =
1500 psi x 3.0 L ; 298 K 134.1 K 10,000 = 4,500 ;
298 134.1 33.56 = 33.56 Therefore your answer
is correct since the initial condition of a tank is
equal to the final condition.
Sample Problem 2: Helium gas has a volume of 250 mL at 0°C
at 1.0 atm (atmospheric conditions). What will be the final
pressure if the volume is reduced to 100 mL at 45°C?

Step 1: Write the given, convert both temperatures into

Kelvin (K).

Step 2: Extract the needed formula. It should be with this P₂ =

P₁ V₁ T₂. T₁ V₂

Step 3: Show your solution. Is your answer for final pressure is

2.88 atm? If it is so, then you’re correct! You are now ready
on your own.
Practice Test 1
Practice Test 1

Test Problem: On a clean paper, answer the following problems.

Read the situation carefully. Follow the 3 steps; you can do your
own checking if you're uncertain of your answer. 15 points for
each item.

1. The volume of a gas at 27°C and 700.0 mmHg or millimeter of

mercury (unit for pressure) is 600.0 mL. What is the volume of the
gas at -20.0°C and 500.0 mmHg?

2. A 2.5 L of nitrogen gas exerts a pressure of 760 mmHg at 473 K.

What temperature is needed to reduce the volume to 1.75 L at
1140 torr (unit for pressure also known mmHg)?
 What’s More
The combined gas law combines the three gas laws: Boyle’s Law,
Charles’ Law, and Gay-Lussac’s Law. It states that the ratio of the
product of pressure and volume and the absolute temperature of a gas
is equal to a constant. When Avogadro’s Law is added to the combined
gas law, the Ideal Gas Law results.
In 1811, Amedeo Avogadro wrote in a paper, "Equal volumes of all
gases, kept at the same pressure and temperature, contain the same
number of molecules.“ Avogadro was the first to suggest that the
volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas
present at a given temperature and pressure.
The Ideal Gas Equation is useful in illustrating the relationship among
the pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas.
This equation is used to describe gases that behave ideally.
PV = nRT
where: P = pressure (atm) V = volume (L) n =
number of moles, molecular mass, or weight
(mol) R = universal gas constant which is
0.0821 L atm/mol. K T = temperature (in
Kelvin)
Let’s apply the Ideal Gas Law equation in
sample problem 3: What is the volume of a
container that can hold 0.50 mole of gas at
25.0°C and 1.25 atm?
(Step 1: Identify the problem, what is needed?
Write the given.) The given values are: P = 1.25
atm T = 25.0°C + 273 = 298 K n = 0.50 mole

(Step 2: Extract the needed formula) The

Formula: Since volume is missing, divide each
side with pressure, thus PV = nRT P V = n R T P
P it will be: V = n R T P

(Step 3: Substitute the value and solve) The

Solution: V = n R T P V =0.50 mole x 0.0821 L
atm/mol. K x 298 K 1.25 atm V = 12.23 L 1.25 V
= 9.78 L
Checking: P V = n R T 1.25 atm x 9.78 L = 0.50
mole x 0.0821 L atm / mol. K x 298 K 12.23 =
12.23

Sample Problem 4: Calculate the pressure exerted by a 0.25-mole sulfur hexafluoride in

a steel vessel having a capacity of 1250 mL at 70.0°C.
Step 1: Write the given, convert temperature into Kelvin (K).
Step 2: Extract the needed formula. It should be with this P = n R T V
Step 3: Show your solution.
Is your answer for final pressure is 0.0056 atm?. If it is so, then your correct! You are
now ready on your own.
Practice Test 2
Practice Test 2
Test Problem: On a clean paper, answer the following
problems. Read the situation carefully. Follow the 3 steps. You
can do your own checking if you're uncertain of your answer.
15 points for each item.

1. At what temperature will 0.654 moles of neon gas occupy

12.30 liters at 1.95 atm?

2. 2. A cylinder of argon gas contains 50.0 L of Ar at 18.4 atm

and 127°C. How many moles of argon is in the cylinder?
 What Have You Learned
Summary
Gas is one of the phases of matter. It has no definite shape and size. It can
be compressed easily. Properties of gases include mass, volume,
temperature, and pressure.
a. The amount of gas or its mass could be expressed in moles or grams.
The mass of gases is negligible.
b. The volume of a gas is the amount of space occupied by the gases.
Gases tend to occupy all the spaces of the container that they are
confined. They have a weak intermolecular force of attraction; hence
they are arranged as far away as possible from each other. The common
units used in expressing a gas volume are liter (L) and milliliter (mL).
c. The temperature of a gas is the measure of the hotness or coldness of
an object. It is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its
molecules. It can be measured in Celsius or Kelvin. Kelvin is the absolute
scale.
d. The pressure of a confined gas is the average
effect of the forces of the colliding molecules.
It can be measured in atmosphere, torr, psi,
cmHg, or mmHg.
The properties of gases can affect one another. They are related to
each other.
a. The volume of a gas is directly related to its temperature at
constant pressure.
b. The pressure of a gas is directly related to its temperature at a
constant temperature.
c. The volume of a gas is inversely related to its pressure at a
constant temperature. d. The amount of a gas in a mole is directly
related to its volume at constant pressure and temperature.
Kinetic Molecular Theory states that:

a. Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from one

molecule to another molecule are far greater than the molecules'
dimensions. These molecules can be considered as spherical bodies
that possess negligible mass and volume.

b. Gas molecules are always in constant random motion, and they

frequently collide with one another and with the walls of the
container. Collision among molecules is perfectly elastic; that is, energy
may transfer from molecule to molecule due to the collision, but the
total energy of all the molecules in the system remains the
same/constant.

c. There is neither attractive nor repulsive force between or among gas

molecules. d. The movement of gas molecules is directly related to the
temperature of the gas.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) explains the properties of gases
and describes the behavior of gases.

You have learned that gases have mass, volume, temperature and it
exerts pressure. The pressure exerted by gas molecules is due to
collision among gas molecules and the container walls. The
frequency of collision is affected by temperature because gas
molecules move faster at high temperatures; on the other hand,
they move slowly at low temperatures. The faster the molecules'
movement, the more frequent the collision, causing an increase in
pressure.
Before the end of our presentation

Let’s check whether you understand the Kinetic

Molecular Theory
Identify True or False
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is
incorrect.
__________ 1. A gas consists of a collection of small particles
traveling in straight line motion and obeying Newton’s Laws.
__________ 2. The molecules in a gas occupy negligible volume.
__________ 3. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic
(that is, no energy is gained nor lost during the collision).
__________ 4. There are negligible, attractive, or repulsive forces
between molecules.
__________ 5. The average kinetic energy of a molecule is
constant.
 Thank you

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 Answer KeyGr10Q4W2 Science

True or False: Practice 1

1. False 1. Formula: V₂ = V₁ P₁ T₂ P₂ T₁ V₂ = 7 mL
2. False 2. 2. Formula: T₂ = V₂ P₂ T₁ V₁ P₁ T₂ = 496.65 K
3. True
4. True Practice 2
5. True 1. Formula: T = P V n R T = 479.8 K
2. Formula: n = P V R T n = 28.01 mole

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