Planetary Phenomena

Here is where my presentation begins

-Errabelli Pranavi
IB-MYP-3
Table of contents
01 Aurora

02 Global Warming

03 Photosynthesis
Table of contents
04 Seasons

05 Weather

06 Water Cycle
Table of contents
07 The Wind System

08 Light

09 Ocean Current
(The Great Oceanic Conveyor Belt)
01
Aurora
 What is an Aurora?

● Aurora/ Northern Lights are natural light displays

in the sky.
● They result from charged particles from the sun
colliding with Earth's atmosphere.
● The produce colorful and amazing light patterns.
● They are seen near the Earth’s polar regions.
 How is Aurora associated with solar
energy?
● A natural light phenomenon that occurs near the
polar regions due to the interaction of charged
particles from the Sun with Earth’s atmosphere.
● When the solar winds collide with the Earth's
magnetosphere, they create enthralling waves of
swirling light called auroras.
● They react with the gases in our environment to
produce bright colours.
 What are its effects on Earth?
● Auroras create stunning displays of colorful lights in the
polar region.
● Strong solar activity causing auroras can lead to
geomagnetic storms, potentially destroying power grids
and communication systems.
● Energy from particles can trigger atmospheric reactions,
influencing ozone and other atmospheric components.
● Studying aurora can help us understand the space weather
and solar activity.
Pictures of Aurora
02
Global Warming
 What is Global Warming?

● Global warming is the phenomenon of gradual

increase in the average temperature of Earth’s
surface temperature caused by human activities
releasing greenhouse gases, which trap heat in the
atmosphere.
● Global warming causes climate change, melting
ice, rise of sea levels, environmental disruptions,
and etc.
 How is Global Warming associated
with solar energy?
● Solar energy produces electricity without emitting
greenhouse gases, helping in reducing global
warming.
● Solar panels help decrease the carbon footprint of
energy production by not relying on fossil fuels.
● Solar energy adoption decreases fossil fuel
demand, contributing to combating global
warming.
 What are its effects on Earth?
● Average global temperatures are increasing,
leading to more frequent and severe heat waves.
● Glaciers and polar ice caps are melting,
contributing to rising sea levels that can lead to
coastal flooding and erosion.
● Changing temperatures disrupt ecosystems,
affecting plant and animal species and their
habitats.
● Species struggle to adapt, leading to shifts in
ecosystems and potential extinction of vulnerable
species.
Pictures of Global Warming
03
Photosynthesis
 What is Photosynthesis?
● Photosynthesis is a process in which plants use sunlight
to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and
oxygen.
● Plants contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which
captures light energy from the sun and is essential for
photosynthesis to occur.
● Photosynthesis is the foundation of most food chains
and ecosystems, as it provides the energy source for
primary producers and ultimately supports herbivores,
carnivores, and all living beings in the food web.
How is Photosynthesis associated with
solar energy?
● Photosynthesis relies on solar energy captured by
chlorophyll in plant cells. This light energy is converted into
chemical energy in form of glucose.
● The glucose produced during photosynthesis through the
Calvin cycle involves the use of energy stored from the
light-dependent reactions. This process converts carbon
dioxide into glucose, using the energy harvested from
sunlight.
● An important byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen.
Oxygen is released into the atmosphere during the process,
enriching the air we breathe.
 What are its effect on Earth?

● Photosynthesis has far-reaching effects on Earth, from

oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption to
influencing climate, supporting ecosystems, and forming the
basis of food chains.
● It's a fundamental process that shapes the planet's
atmosphere, biology, and ecosystems.
● Powers ecosystems and sustains diverse species.
● Forms the basis of the food chain, supporting all life.
● Creates habitats and promotes species variety.
● Leads to forests, grasslands, and more habitats.
Pictures of Photosynthesis
04
Seasons
 What are Seasons?
● There 4 seasons in particular:
● Spring: Warmer temperatures, new plant growth, and
animal births.
● Summer: Long days, high temperatures, outdoor
activities, and thriving life.
● Autumn (Fall): Cooling temperatures, shorter days,
colorful leaf changes, and fruit ripening.
● Winter: Cold temperatures, short days, snowfall (in
some areas), and plant/animal adaptation.
How are Seasons associated with solar
energy?
● Earth is tilted on its side, like a spinning top, by about
23.5 degrees.
● This tilt causes sunlight to hit different parts of the
world at different angles throughout the year.
● When a place gets more direct sunlight, it's warmer and
receives more solar energy.
● The sun sits higher in the sky in the summer. This
means that there will be more direct sunlight hitting the
solar panels, increasing energy production.
 What are its effects on Earth

● It heats up the planet, creating different temperatures in

different places.
● The changing sunlight angles give us the seasons:
summer, fall, winter, spring.
● Different climate zones are created by how much
sunlight places get.
● Longer daylight in summer and shorter daylight in
winter are due to solar energy.
Pictures of Seasons
05
Weather
 What is Weather?
● It's about temperature, humidity , wind, clouds, and rain
or snow.
● Weather changes every day and can be different in
different places.
● It's influenced by the Sun, how the Earth moves, and
where land and water are.
● It’s is a part of the natural phenomenon which
maintains the equilibrium in the atmosphere.
 How is Weather associated with solar
energy?
● The Sun's energy heats the Earth's surface during the day.
Warmer surfaces heat the air above them, creating temperature
differences that drive wind and air circulation.
● Solar energy heats the Earth unevenly, causing warm air to rise
and cooler air to rush in to replace it. This movement of air
creates wind, which is a significant factor in weather patterns.
● Solar heating causes differences in air pressure, leading to the
formation of high-pressure and low-pressure areas. Air moves
from high-pressure to low-pressure areas, creating wind and
affecting weather patterns.
 What are its effects on Earth?
● Weather contributes to long-term climate trends and
regional climate conditions.
● Weather shapes the types of species that can thrive in
an area and affects breeding and migration patterns.
● Extreme weather like heat waves or cold spells can
affect human health.
Pictures of Weather
06
Water Cycle
 What is a Water Cycle?
● There are steps in a water cycle:
● Evaporation: Sun heats water bodies, turning water into vapor.
● Condensation: Vapor cools and forms clouds as tiny water
droplets.
● Precipitation: Water droplets in clouds combine and fall as rain,
snow, etc.
● Infiltration: Some precipitation soaks into the ground,
replenishing groundwater.
● Transpiration: Plants release water vapor from their leaves into
the air.
● Sublimation: Snow and ice can turn directly into vapor in cold
areas.
● Groundwater Flow: Water moves through soil and rock layers,
feeding into water bodies
 How is Water Cycle associated with
solar energy?
● Solar energy drives the cycle by evaporating water from the
oceans, rivers, and even the soil.
● When energy from the Sun reaches the Earth, it warms the
atmosphere, land, and ocean and evaporates water.
● Clouds release precipitation when water droplets become heavy
enough, and solar energy aids in the evaporation of water from
plants.
 What are its the effects on Earth

● Solar energy's effects on Earth include regulating temperatures,

driving climate patterns, forming weather, powering the water
cycle, enabling photosynthesis, supporting renewable energy
sources, creating the day and night cycle, and causing seasonal
changes
● It's a fundamental force that sustains life, shapes the
environment, and influences various natural processes on our
planet.
Pictures of Water Cycle
 07
The Wind System
 What is the Wind System?

● The wind system is the movement of air across the Earth's

surface caused by differences in temperature and pressure.
● It includes global wind belts like Trade Winds, Westerlies, and
Polar Easterlies, as well as jet streams and localized winds.
● Solar energy drives these winds, shaping weather, climate, and
ocean currents, with significant impacts on various aspects of
the environment and human activities.
 How is the Wind System associated
with solar energy?
● Solar energy heats the Earth's surface unevenly due to its angle
and intensity, creating temperature and pressure differences.
● These differences lead to the movement of air from high-
pressure to low-pressure areas, generating wind patterns.
● Solar energy's impact on the Earth's rotation and temperature
distribution shapes the direction and intensity of these winds,
driving the entire wind system.
 What are its effects on Earth?
● Influences weather patterns, distributing temperature and
precipitation.
● Drives ocean currents, impacting marine ecosystems and
climate.
● Regulates global climate by redistributing heat from equator to
poles.
● Causes erosion and deposition, shaping landscapes.
● Plays a role in pollination for certain plants.
● Affects agriculture by influencing temperature, moisture, and
pests.
● Guides aviation and navigation routes.
● Enables wind turbines to generate renewable energy.
● Contributes to dispersal of seeds and maintains biodiversity.
● Holds cultural significance and historical uses.
Picture of Wind System
08
Light
 What is Light?

● Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that our eyes can

see. It travels as waves and particles, moving at a constant speed
in a vacuum.
● It has different colors, wavelengths, and frequencies, and
interacts with matter through reflection, refraction, absorption,
and transmission.
● Light carries energy and plays a crucial role in human vision,
communication, technology, and understanding the natural
world.
 How is Light associated with solar
energy?
● Solar energy is closely linked to light as it originates from the
Sun’s emission of electromagnetic radiation, including visible
light.
● This sunlight serves as the energy source for various
applications, including generating electricity through solar
panels and heat through solar thermal systems.
● Light is the carrier of solar energy, powering processes like
photosynthesis, influencing climate and weather patterns, and
serving as a foundational element for life on Earth.
 What are its effects on Earth?
● Regulates temperatures and creates climate patterns.
● Powers the water cycle, maintaining freshwater resources.
● Drives photosynthesis, forming the basis of ecosystems.
● Enables renewable energy generation through solar panels.
● Creates day and night cycles through Earth's rotation.
● Causes seasonal changes due to Earth's axial tilt. Melts polar
ice, influencing sea levels and ecosystems.
● Interacts with atmospheric gases, affecting chemistry.
● Impacts agriculture by influencing temperature and growth.
● Shapes Earth's environment, climate, and life systems.
Picture of Light
09
Ocean Current
 What is Ocean Current?

● Ocean currents are continuous movements of seawater within

the oceans, driven by factors like wind patterns, Earth's rotation,
and temperature differences.
● They can be surface or deep currents and play crucial roles in
redistributing heat, regulating climate, transporting nutrients,
influencing marine life, aiding navigation, and shaping global
ecosystems.
 How is Ocean Current associated with
solar energy?
● Ocean currents are indirectly connected to solar energy through
the way solar heating drives wind patterns.
● Solar energy heats the Earth unevenly, creating pressure
differences that lead to winds.
● These winds then influence the movement of surface ocean
currents.
● While solar energy doesn't directly power ocean currents, it
plays a vital role in shaping the conditions that drive their
formation and behavior.
 What are its effects on Earth?
● Regulate climate by redistributing heat globally.
● Influence regional weather patterns and precipitation.
● Distribute nutrients through upwelling currents.
● Guide migration patterns of marine species.
● Shape coastal landscapes through erosion and sediment
transport.
● Impact shipping routes and trade historically and presently.
● Form oceanic gyres, affecting circulation and nutrient
distribution.
● Contribute to the global conveyor belt, regulating climate.
● Have implications for climate change and sea level rise.
Picture of Ocean Current
 Thanks!
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