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Public Participation

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32 views

Public Participation

Uploaded by

temesgen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Public Participation in Urban Planning

Content

1. Introduction 3. Legal frameworks of public


• Concepts of participation participation
• Benefits and challenges of public
4. Stakeholders/actors analysis
participation
• Basic principles of public 5. Integrating public

participation participation in urban planning

2. Public participation frameworks


and tools

2
1. Introduction to Public Participation (PP)

1.1 Concepts of public participation

 ‘The public’: means one or more natural or legal persons,

a collection of numerous continually shifting interests and

alliances, which may be in conflict with each other.

 In practice there are as many publics as there are different

people who care, positively or negatively, about a project.

People who live near a project may be very concerned

about that project, but have little interest in similar issues

elsewhere. 3
1. Introduction to Public Participation (PP)

Public participation

 Participation means individuals taking part in choices that have an impact on their lifetime.

Also, to participate is to take part, to share and act together.

 Public Participation “is any process that strives to inform, gather input or involve the

public regarding decision-making processes”.

 Public participation affords stakeholders (those that have an interest or stake in an issue,

such as individuals, interest groups, communities) the opportunity to influence decisions

that affect their lives.

4
1. Introduction to Public Participation (PP)

 Depending on where people look at and focus on, views and opinions are different.
 People only see by their own ways and believe they are right.
➡ This is the starting point and condition to engage public.
5
1. Introduction to Public Participation (PP)
1.2 Benefits and Challenges of Public participation

Benefits of public participation

 Guides the decision making process

 Will resolve problems through discussion

 Provides information

 Gives ‘sense of ownership’

 Establish better social networks

 Create an opportunity for a timely resolution of conflicts

 Contribute to the formation of an active citizen body,.


6
1. Introduction to Public Participation (PP)

Challenges of Public participation


 Actors feel resistance because they fear manipulation or believe their interests can be
satisfied in some other, better way;

 Government and politicians worry that their power of decision making will be limited and
compromised, and do not support the process;

 It is not possible to provide a diversity of social groups and inclusion of those who
otherwise would not be involved in the decision making process.

 In case of need for harmonization of conflicted interests, participation can extend the
duration of the planning process.

7
1. Introduction to Public Participation (PP)
1.3. Basic Principles of Public participation

i. The elected councils are the ultimate


v. Bottom-up Process: Participatory planning
decision-making forum on The development (decision making) emanates from the collective
plan. will of the stakeholders participating.

ii. Inclusiveness: cultures, gender, educational vi. Decision by Consensus


level, stake holders , etc …
vii. Rapid Assessment: Rapid identification and
iii. Continuous Process: Participation is a
ranking of problems and formulating strategies
continuous process, going through different
stages of the planning process, assuming for implementations.
different modes through the stages.
viii. Structured participation:
iv. Facilitation:
8
2. Public participation frameworks and tools
8 Citizen control
Participation Framework: Degrees of
7 Delegated Power citizen power
There are different kind of participation
6 Partnership
frameworks and among those – 5 Placation
Degrees
4 Consultation of
1. A Ladder of Citizen Participation -
3 tokenism
This kind of framework used depending on Informing
2 Therapy Non
the levels of power devolved to citizens.
1 Manipulation participation

2) Participation as a Continuum -

3) Participation as a Spectrum -
INFORM CONSULT INVOLVE COLLABORATE EMPOWER

9
3. Legal frameworks of Public Participation

 The FDRE Constitution (1995)

 (Article 8/3) - Representatives election, direct democratic participation.

 Article 12(1) - The conduct of affairs of the government shall be transparent.

 (Article 43/2) - The Nations have the right to participate in national development programs.

 (Article 89 /6 & 7) - Ensure the participation of women in equality with men in all economic and
social development endeavors.

 (Article 41/5) - sets out the State’s responsibility for the provision of necessary rehabilitation and
support services for people with disabilities.

 Urban Development Policy

Urban Plan Proclamation (No. 574/2008)


10
4. Stakeholders and Actors

Stakeholders analysis
• Chairperson- Mayor or City/Town manager.
• Secretariat - Steering Committee
• Members :
 Members of executive committee/department heads of the Municipality.
 Traditional leaders.
 Representatives of religious denominations.
 Kebele committee representatives.
 Heads/representatives of public agencies (including Utilities).
 Sectoral offices.
 Youth and women associations.
 Trade unions.
 Technical department of urban development bureau
 Idir chairperson/representatives.
 NGO and other CBO representatives. 11
4. Stakeholders and Actors
Stakeholders mapping (Who to involve?):
General principles or objective criteria for identifying appropriate participants.

 Who is directly responsible for the decisions on the issues?

 Who is influential on this issue & in the area, community and/ or organization?

 Who will be affected by any decisions on the issue (individuals and organizations)?

 Who runs organizations with relevant interests?

 Who has been involved in this issue in the past?

 Who has not been involved, but should have been?


12
4. Stakeholders and Actors

Stakeholder analysis
Who are the people affected or who might be affected by the process?
Who are likely to gain?
Who are likely to lose?
Identify stakeholders

13
5. Integrating Public Participation in the Urban Planning Process
In Ethiopian urban planning law : only
Structure plan and Local development
Plan are included PP
Design
The structure plan has four stages:

 Preparation

Public Participation
 Planning

 Approval

 Implementation

At each stage there is participation;


however, the method and level of
participation might differ. And also it is
important to decide the PP design
before the activities depending on the
budget. 14
5. Integrating Public Participation in the Urban Planning Process
In the Field of Planning Application
Participation is used in:
The general urban planning a) Urban spatial planning,
consists mainly of two components: b) Local sustainable development planning,

1. Participation of citizens: a c) NDP and structure plan,


two-way flow of information, d) Infrastructure planning, traffic planning
and
e) Housing development, and reconstruction working with
2. Participation of stakeholders local communities (social conflicts, integration...), etc.
- decision making and
f) Waste management
implementation of plans.
g) Natural resources and environmental management
h) Development and protection of cultural heritage,
i) Public spaces designing, and more…
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5. Integrating Public participation in the Urban Planning Process
Phases Activities Actors Inform Consult Collab/ Empower
Involve
Preparation Initiation, TOR prep.,& Planning/ project team; City Admin… *
programming:
Base map preparation Planning team; stakeholders … *
Data collection & Planning team; stakeholders … *
compilation
Data analysis & Planning team; stakeholders, *
Planning interpretation organizations & resource people;
Rep.forum
Vision setting & Planning team; stakeholders, * *
conceptual framework organizations & resource people;
Rep.forum
Developing proposal Planning team;…. * *
Implementation Strategy Planning team;…. * *
Approval Plan Approval & City Admin. Rep. Stakeholder, Public/ * *
Publicity communities/ stakeholder organizations
Implementation City Admin. Rep. Stakeholder, Public/ * *
Implementation communities/ stakeholder organizations
Monitoring & Evaluation City Admin, Rep.forum, Stakeholders * *

16
THANK YOU 17

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