INTRODUCTION

TO
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY (EMTE1012)

Chapter 1

Emerging Technologies
Selale University
Department of Computer Science
Compiled BY: Nitsuhwork Negash (Msc)
E-mail: [email protected]
 Outline
 Introduction
 Evolution of Technologies
 The Industrial Revolution (IR)
 History of (IR)
 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Programmable devices
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
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 Introduction to Emerging Technologies
• Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technologies.

• Emerging technology is all about the new technical innovations or advancements being made.

• Technologies that are currently developing, or that are expected to be available within the next

five to ten years.

• Technologies that are creating or are expected to create significant social or economic effects.

• Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of society through technological

development.

• Any form of technology that is novel in nature, brings knowledge and innovates towards change.
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 Introduction to Emerging Technologies
cont.…
What is the root word of technology and evolution?

• Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or the arts," from Greek tekhnologia
"systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique," originally referring to grammar, from
tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy.

• Evolution: evolution means the process of developing by gradual changes.

• This noun is from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening," combined from the
prefix e-, "out," plus volvere, "to roll."

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 Evolution of Technologies

List of some currently available emerged technologies

• Artificial Intelligence • DevOps

• Block chain • Internet of Things (IoT)

• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality • Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)

• Cloud Computing • Big Data

• Angular and React • Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)

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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
• It’s a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late
1700s and early 1800s.

• The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor more
efficient and productive.

• IR was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes
to large factories.

• IR shifts society from using tools to make products to use new sources of energy,
such as coal, to power machines in factories.

• This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to
big cities in order to work.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR)
cont …
• The American IR commonly referred to as the Second IR, started sometime between
1820 and 1870.

• Industries such as textile manufacturing,mining, glass making, and agriculture all had
undergone changes.
• IR fundamentally changed and transfer the world around us into modern society.
The Most Important Inventions of the IR are :-
Transportation:
The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane
Communication:
The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph. The Telephone.
Industry:
The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.
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 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0, IR 4.0)

• The IR began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.

• The first European countries to be industrialized after England were Belgium, France, and the
German states.
• The final cause of the IR was the effects created by the Agricultural Revolution.
• The four types of industries are:

• The primary industry involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
• The secondary industry involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
• Tertiary industries provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
• The quaternary industry involves research and development industries e.g. IT.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
• The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a
transition to new manufacturing processes.

• IR was first coined in the 1760s.

• The transitions in the first IR included going

from hand production methods to machines.

 The increasing use of steam power

 The development of machine tools and

 The rise of the factory system.

Figure :- Steam engine

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)

• The Second IR, also known as the

Technological Revolution.
• Began somewhere in the 1870s.
• It includes the development of methods for
manufacturing interchangeable parts and
widespread adoption of pre-existing systems
such as telegraph and railroad networks.
• This adoption allowed the vast movement of
people and ideas, enhancing communication.
• Moreover, new technological systems were Figure :- Electricity transmission line

introduced, such as electrical power and

telephones.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• IR 3.0 introduced the transition from
mechanical and analog electronic technology to
digital electronics and began from the late 1950s.
• Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was
given the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
• The core factor of this revolution is the mass
production and widespread use of digital logic
circuits and its derived technologies such as the
computer, headphones and the Internet.
• It transformed traditional production and business
techniques enabling people to communicate with
another without the need of being physically Figure:- High Tech Electronics
present.
• Certain practices that were enabled during IR 3.0
is still being practiced until this current day.
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• The term IR 4.0 was coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of
World Economic Forum, in the year 2016.

• It includes technologies such as robotics, Internet of Things (IoT) additive manufacturing

and autonomous vehicles.

• The technologies mentioned above are called – cyber physical systems.

• A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by computer-

based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.

• One example that is being widely practiced in industries today is the usage of Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
cont…
• These machines are operated by giving it
instructions using a computer.
• Another major breakthrough that is
associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of
Artificial Intelligence (AI), where we
can see it being implemented into our
smartphones. Figure:- Anybody Connected device (ABCD)
• AI is also one of the main elements that
give life to Autonomous Vehicles and
Automated Robots.

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 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset.

• It drives or even determines the future of science, technology, economy, and possibly
everything in our world today and tomorrow.

• The preceding trend and its potential have triggered new debate about data-intensive
scientific discovery as an emerging technology.

• The potential of data science and analytics to enable data-driven theory, economy, and
professional development is increasingly being recognized.

• This involves not only core disciplines such as computing, informatics, and statistics, but
also the broad-based fields of business, social science, and health/medical science.
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
• In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of devices:

• Memory - Memory devices store random information such as the contents of a

spreadsheet or database.

• Microprocessors - Execute software instructions to perform a wide variety of tasks such

as running a word processing program or video game

• Logic - Provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing, data

communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control operations, and
almost every other function a system must perform.

• Networks - Is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,

peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of data.
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
cont…
• Programmable devices usually referred as
chips.
It incorporates:
 Field programmable logic devices
(FPGAS)
 Complex programmable logic devices
(CPLD)
 Programmable logic devices (PLD).
• There are also devices that are the analog
equivalent of these called field programmable
analog arrays.
Why is a computer referred to as a PD ?
• What makes a computer a computer is that it Figure :- Programmable device
follows a set of instructions.
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 Human-Machine Interaction (HMI)
• It refers to the communication and interaction between a human and a machine via a user
interface.
• Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have gained increasing attention as they allow
humans to control machines through natural and intuitive behaviors.
What is interaction in human-computer interaction?

• It is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are not
developed for successful interaction with human beings.

• As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:

I. The user

II. The computer

III. The ways they work together

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
• Emerging technology trends in 2020
• 5G Networks • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Autonomous Devices • Block chain
• Augmented Analytics • Digital Twins
• Enhanced Edge Computing and • Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

• Emerging technologies will shape the future of you and your business.

• The so-called emerging technologies are taking over our minds more and more each day.

• Chat-bots, virtual/augmented reality, block chain, Ephemeral Apps and Artificial

Intelligence are already shaping your life whether you like it or not.

• “At the end of the day, you can either adapt or die !! ”
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 N S Questions
I O
ST U
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Q K
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