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01 Cell Structure and Organisation

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19 views

01 Cell Structure and Organisation

Uploaded by

chahd assoufi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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01 Cell structure and

organisation
A cell

5 cm

Acetabularia are among the


largest single-celled organisms,
having also a remarkably large
nucleus

Umbrella algae
1.1 Animal and plant cells

Learning objectives
 the main parts of animal and human cells
 the similarities and differences between
plant and animal cells
Nucleus
• Contain genes on the chromosomes
• Carry the instructions for making the proteins needed to build new cells or new
organisms bound by nuclear
membrane

Nucleus
Cell membrane
• Separates the cell contents from the external liquid-based environment
• Controls substances that enter or leave the cell (i.e., differentially permeable)

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

• Jelly-like fluid that hold organelles and allows transport of materials


• Site of chemical reactions, e.g. first stages of respiration

Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion

• Site of aerobic respiration (oxygen is used)


• Release energy (NOT produce)

Mitochondrion
Ribosomes

• Site of protein synthesis (production)


• For example, enzymes are produced to catalyse chemical reactions

Ribosome
Organelles keep a cell alive
energy released by mitochondria
in cytoplasm

Genes in the nucleus

controls the type of protein synthesised at


the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

protein synthesised can be transported out the cell


through cell membrane
Name the following structures
Animal vs plant cells

What organelles do they have in common?

Animal cell Plant cell


Plant cells
Cell wall

• Made of cellulose
• Strengthens and gives support to the cell

cell wall
Plant cells
Vacuole

• Filled with cell sap


• Keep cells turgid and provides support to the plant

vacuole
Plant cells
Chloroplast
• Presents in the green part of plants (not found in root hair cells)
• Contain a green substance called chlorophyll
• Absorbs light to make food by photosynthesis

chloroplast
Chemical reactions in cells
chloroplast

photosynthesis

produce food

mitochondrion

respiration

Animal cell Plant cell


release energy
from food
Study tip

• Not all plant cells have chloroplasts.

• Don’t confuse chloroplasts and chlorophyll.


chemical
reactions

Respiration
• Word equation: Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water

• Chemical equation: C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O

• Occurs in mitochondria
• Useful product: energy
• Respiration is the chemical process of energy release from glucose; it occurs in all
living cells all the time
• Respiration is different from breathing – a physical process where an individual
inhale and exhale air in and out of lungs
chemical
reactions

Photosynthesis
• Word equation: Carbon dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen

• Chemical equation: CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2

• Occurs in chloroplast
• Photosynthesis is the chemical process of producing glucose (food), by converting
light energy to chemical energy that can later be released by the process respiration
body
organism
organisation
cell
group together

tissue

work
together

group together
system

work together organ

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