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2 CBSE VIII Math Data Handling

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2 CBSE VIII Math Data Handling

Uploaded by

sadhanarvasoya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: Mathematics

Topic: Data Handling

Grade: VIII

CB/VIII/2021 Data Handling 1 of 8


Statistics
Statistics deals with collection, organization, analysis and interpretation of
data.

Importance of statistics in different fields

Statistics plays an important role in every field of human activity.

It deals with all aspects of data, including the planning of data


collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

It also includes describing mathematical relationships between


variables and presenting these to an audience in a way that best
conveys meaning.

CB/VIII/2021 Data Handling 2 of 8


DATA
Set of numerical facts
What do you mean by Data?
collected is called data.

The information we collected is called the data and each numerical value is
called an observation.

There are two types of Data

1. Primary Data 2. Secondary data


 Primary data is the data collected for the  Secondary data refers to those data which
first time through personal experiences or have already been collected by some other
evidence, particularly for research. person.
 It is also described as raw data or first-hand  Data collected from different sources such as
information. government publications, censuses, internal
 Data is collected through observations, records of the organization, books, journal
physical testing, mailed questionnaires, articles, websites and reports, etc.
surveys, personal interviews, telephonic
interviews, case studies and focus groups,
etc.

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Organization of data
Usually, data available to us is in an unorganized form called raw data.
To draw meaningful inferences, we need to organize the data systematically.

For example, a group of students was asked for their favorite subject.
The results were as listed below:

Art, Mathematics, Science, English, Mathematics, Art, English, Mathematics, English,


Art, Science, Art, Science, Science, Mathematics, Art, English, Art, Science, Science,
Art, Mathematics.

Frequency gives the number


of times that a particular entry
occurs.
From the table, frequency of
students who like English is 4.
The frequency of students who
like Mathematics is 5.
The table made is known as frequency distribution
table as it gives the number of times an entry occurs.
CB/VIII/2021 Data Handling 4 of 8
Terms related to Statistics
Raw data: A collection of observation gathered initially
is called raw data.

Range: The difference between the highest and the


lowest observation

Frequency of an observation is the number of times the


observation occurs in the given data.

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Grouped frequency table
The below table is called grouped frequency distribution
Class Marks Frequency
20-25,25-30 are called the class interval.
20-25 5
25-30 12
30-35 3 In 20-25 class interval,
35-40 20 20 is called lower class limit and
40-45 5 25 is called the upper class limit
45-50 3
50-55 2

A table that shows the frequency of groups of values in the given data is called
a grouped frequency distribution table.

The groupings used to group the values in given data are called classes or class-
intervals.

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Grouped frequency table

The number of values that each class contains is called the class size
or class width.

The lower value in a class is called the lower class limit.

The higher value in a class is called the upper class limit.

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Class Width = The difference between upper limit and lower limit.

Class mark = lowerlimit + upperlimit


2

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