Module-3

GRID FRAMEWORK
 Unit3:Virtualizationof IT systems – Role of electric utilities,
Telecommuting, teleconferencing, and teleporting – Materials
recycling – Best ways for Green PC – Green Data centre –Green
Grid framework.
What is virtualization?
 virtualization allows you to have
 two or more computers, running two or more completely
different environments, on one piece of hardware.

 Virtualization allows an organization to create multiple

virtual machines—each with their own operating system
(OS) and applications—on a single physical machine.

For example,
 with virtualization, both Linux operating system and Microsoft
Windows operating system can be used on one server.
What is a virtual machine (VM)?

 A virtual machine (VM) is

A virtual representation of a physical computer.
A virtual machine can’t interact directly with a
physical computer.
Instead, it needs a lightweight software layer called a
hypervisor to coordinate with the physical hardware
upon which it runs.
What is a hypervisor?
 The hypervisor is essential to virtualization—it's a thin
software layer that allows multiple operating systems to run
alongside each other and share the same physical computing
resources.
Example: oracle virtual machine, Vmware etc.
Virtualization architecture:
 A virtualization architecture is a conceptual model specifying the
arrangement and interrelationships of the particular components involved in
delivering a virtual -- rather than physical -- version of something, such as an
operating system (OS), a server, a storage device or network resources
 The hypervisor isolates operating systems and applications from the
underlying computer hardware so the host machine can run multiple virtual
machines (VM) as guests that share the system's physical compute resources,
such as processor cycles, memory space, network bandwidth and so on.
 A type 2 hypervisor, also known as a hosted hypervisor, is installed on top of
the host operating system, rather than sitting directly on top of the hardware
as the type 1 hypervisor does.
 Each guest OS or VM runs above the hypervisor. The convenience of a known
host OS can ease system configuration and management tasks.
 The Benefits of Virtualization

 Up to 80 percent greater utilization of every server.

 Reductions in hardware requirements by a ratio of 10:1

or better.

 Capital and operations expenses cut by half, with annual

savings of more than $1,500 for each server virtualized.

 Robust, affordable high availability.

How does Virtualization Help Green Computing?
 Virtualization results in far more efficient use of resources, including
energy.
 Virtualization's purpose in a simple way is virtualize and make a single
piece of hardware function as multiple parts.

 Installing virtual infrastructure allows several operating systems and

applications to run on a lesser number of servers, helping to reduce the
overall energy used for the data centre and for its cooling.
Role of Electric Utilities

 IT equipment has become the third largest source of

power demand in the commercial sector, accounting for
more than 10% of an organization’s energy use.
 The easiest way to reduce energy costs is to implement
an easy and cost-effective PC power management solution.
The significant Role of Electric Utilities and IT
Energy Ratings in Green IT:
 Electric utilities and governments now often offer financial incentives to
encourage investments in energy-efficiency measures.
 Find available programs: The first step is to contact your electrical utility
or state energy efficiency program to determine what energy efficiency
incentives might be available for IT consolidation.
 Assess Energy Usage
 Take advantage of project design and energy-efficiency teams
 Calculate energy savings
 Submit incentive or rebate payment application
Role of Telecommuting, Teleconferencing and
Teleporting

Telecommuting:

 Among the many, many benefits of working at home,

helping the environment is at the top of the list. Here are
some of the ways in which telecommuting is eco-friendly.
 It reduces carbon emissions
 It reduces electricity:
 It reduces paper printing:
 It makes you take better care of your equipment:
 Teleconferencing:

 Teleconferencing and telepresence technologies are often implemented in

green computing initiatives.
 The advantages are many:
 It increases worker satisfaction.
 Reduction of Green House Gas Emissions.
 Increased Profits Margins.
5 Ways Video Conferencing Protects the Environment
 Save Energy
 Reduce Paper, Printer Ink and Toner
 Skip Plastic
 Limit Food Waste
 Save Time and Increase Flexibility
 Teleporting:
 Virtual reality systems typically allow users to
physically walk and turn, but virtual environments
(VEs) often exceed the available walking space.
Teleporting has become a common user interface,
whereby the user aims a laser pointer to indicate
the desired location, and sometimes orientation,
in the VE before being transported without self-
motion cues.
 MATERIALS RECYCLING:

 The end-of-life products constitute various types

of raw materials including metals and other
elements that can be recycled and put to reuse
again
 recycling helps in bringing down the greenhouse
gas emissions caused by the manufacturing of new
products.
 Categories of e-waste:
 Large Household Appliances (Washing machines, Dryers, Refrigerators,
Airconditioners, etc.)
 Small Household Appliances (Vacuum cleaners, Coffee Machines, Irons,
Toasters, etc Office, Information & Communication Equipment PCs, Latops,
Mobiles, Telephones, Fax Machines, Copiers, Printers etc.)
 Entertainment & Consumer Electronics (Televisions, VCR/DVD/CD
players, Hi-Fi sets, Radios, etc)
 Lighting Equipment Fluorescent tubes, sodium lamps etc. (Except: Bulbs,
Halogen Bulbs)
 Electric and Electronic Tools Drills, Electric saws, Sewing Machines, Lawn
Mowers etc. (Except: large stationary tools/machines)
 Medical Instruments and Equipment

 Automatic Issuing Machines

State-of-the-art Recycling Technologies:
 Detoxication:
 The first step in the recycling process is the removal of critical components
from the e- waste in order to avoid dilution of and / or contamination with
toxic substances during the downstream processes
 Shredding:
 Mechanical processing is the next step in e-waste treatment, normally an
industrial large scale operation to obtain concentrates of recyclable materials
in a dedicated fraction and also to further separate hazardous materials.
 Refining:
 Most of the fractions need to be refined or conditioned in order to be sold as
secondary raw materials or to be disposed of in a final disposal site,
respectively
E-waste Management – Six Steps
BEST WAYS FOR GREEN PC:
 Look for the ENERGY STAR
 Turn Off Your Monitor
 Adjust the Brightness
 Don't Use a Screen Saver
 Turn Off Peripherals
 Preview Before You Print
 Print on Both Sides
 Don't Print
GREEN DATA CENTRE
 The demand for data centre capacity world wide has been on the rise.
This has also lead to a steady increase in carbon emissions
 Data centres house a suit of large computers and associated networks of
the organization, forming the heart of most businesses.
 Influencing factors of green data centres
 The size and design of rooms in which servers are housed and also the
location of the server rooms within the data centre can play a role in
carbon reduction.
 Cooling, air conditioning, power source and power consumption:
 This includes the cooling strategies of the servers; and the air
conditioning relating to the actual building. This also includes use of
green energy sources. The impact of the physical location of the rooms
to be cooled, that are housing the servers
 Power management: This includes lights and operational aspect,
number of people working, opening and closing of doors. This
would include procurement and installation of green products
and use of green services. Servers: Their numbers, positioning
and corresponding energy-efficient computing plays pivotal
role. Physical location of the racks, t heir positioning (hot
isle/cold isle), architecture and the physical rooms in which
they are placed are also important.
 Datastrategy: The main concerns here are including security
and backup. Virtualization within each server, and combined
virtualization. Organization of a cluster of servers—private
cloud, Space storage and usage strategy. Virtualization aims to
pool resources together to deliver data centre services by
pooling resources that may be otherwise underutilized.
 Networks and communications equipment: This made up
of land-based as well as wireless communications such as
switchgears, routers, and modems. The numbers and
capacities of these equipment in the data centre
contribute to its carbon footprint.
GREEN GRID FRAMEWORK
 Green Grid website, the organization provides a forum for IT directors,
facilities managers and C-level executives to come together and discuss
different options for improving resource efficiency
 The Green Grid include: Electronic Disposal Efficiency (EDE) - the
percentage of decommissioned information technology electronics and
electrical equipment that is disposed of through known responsible
entities. Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) - the ratio of total facilities
energy to IT equipment energy. Data Centre Infrastructure Efficiency
(DCIE) - the ratio of IT equipment power to total facility power