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EBV

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7 views

EBV

Uploaded by

FreezingSoul FreezingSoul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a


human herpesvirus-4

Causing infection in greater than


90% of the world’s population

The majority of infections occur


early in life without significant
illness .
Pathogenesis
• EBV primarily infects and replicates in the stratified squamous
epithelium of the oropharynx, followed by a latent infection of B
lymphocytes.

The EBV infection of B lymphocytes results in two outcomes :-


The first outcome leads to the production of memory B which is
associated with dormant (latent) viral stage through a specific set of
latency-related genes (Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA), are
expressed and the virus intermittently reactivates at any mucosal site.
The second outcome resulting in lytic replication through
differentiation of B cells into plasma cells that are programmed to die.
This is accompanied by the expression of several viral Protein
complexes that are collectively known as early antigen (EA) and viral
capsid antigen (VCA), leading to the stimulation of the humoral
immune response.
I. Infectious Mononucleosis
(glandular fever)(Kissing disease)

It can cause fatigue, fever,


inflamed throat, swollen
lymph nodes in the neck,
enlarged spleen, swollen liver.
This accompanied by lymphocytosis
and large atypical T lymphocytes
(increase in mononuclear cells)
II. Tumors

• Burkitt’s lymphoma
(tumor of the jaw)
• oral cell Leukoplakia
• Hodgkin’s lymphoma
(affect lymphatic system)
• nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• gastric carcinoma
Diagnosis of Mononucleosis
Sample ………..
Blood culture large atypical T
lymphocytes (Downey cell)

Mono spot test (Paul Bunnel)

Due to atypical lymphocytes


heterophilic Abs agglutination
of sheep RBCs
Detection of different Abs

?
Interpretation of result
Interpretation of result
• Susceptibility to infection
People are considered susceptible to EBV infection if they do not have
antibodies to the VCA.
• Primary (new or recent) infection
• People are considered to have a primary EBV infection if they have
anti-VCA IgM or rising level of anti-VCA IgG and no antibody to EBNA.
• Past infection
The presence of antibodies to both VCA and EBNA suggests past
infection (from several months to years earlier)
Summary
If VCA-IgM appears alone or with VCA-IgG primary acute inf.
If VCA-IgG and EBNA-IgG appear past infection.
Treatment
• No specific therapy available to treat infectious mononucleosis.

• Treatment mainly involves taking care of yourself, such as


getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet and drinking plenty of
fluids.

• pain killer (like ibuprofen or acetaminophen) for symptomatic


treatment of fever, sore throat and fatigue.

• No vaccine is available
Prognosis

• People with acute mononucleosis usually recover completely


(with exception People with weakened immune systems may develop more
severe symptoms and complications).
• The mortality rate has been estimated to be less than 1 per 3,000 cases in
England and Wales.
Thank You

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