DPX-Series

TM

NT,
Duo / Bravo
Installation and Service
Training
Rev. D Nov 2003
DPX-Series different models: both
built upon the IQ platform
• DPX-NT (A)
– Produced Dec 1, 1999 to July 1, 2000?
– System numbers NT+70000

• DPX-NT (B)
– Produced July 1, 2000 to May 2001
– System numbers NT+72000

• DPX-NT (C)
– Produced May 2001 forward
– System numbers NT+73000 +

• Duo / Bravo
– Produced July 2003
– System numbers DT-30000 and BT-20000
DPX-Series different models: both
built upon the IQ platform
• A, B and C models have much in
common, and also a number of
differences
– A Model system is very similar to IQ
scanner
– B Model system is a simplified version of
the A system
– Externally there is no difference other than
system numbers
– C Model has GE global design colors,
combined detector high voltage bias power
supply and AMP board (PIB), and new
stepper motor controller (GECKO)
 DPX-NT system Architecture – a
simplified version of the DPX series
• X-Ray Generation
– Tube
– Power Supplies

• X-Ray Detection
– PMT / NaI detector
– AMP Module

• Scanner Control
– Motion Control
– Error Detection
– Communications
with Host PC /
Detector
 Hardware Changes common to A and B
•New Prodigy like arm
Model systems
–Injection molded
–Mounts like PRODIGY (upper and lower halves,
separate control panel)
–Dismount lower half first then upper – upper
arm shroud cannot be mounted / dismounted
with the lower shroud present
•AC Entrance
–New Low Voltage DC
Switching power supply
•No configuration of AC DPX-NT
entrance for DC Power
supplies
•Scanner Control
–New cSBC (combined SBC or super
SBC)
•All functions of SBC, OINK and AGS
system on a single 8 layer board

• Uses IQ detector and AMP box

– No changes
 DPX-NT - Power Distribution
• AC Isolation Transformer
– Protects Unit from Voltage transients
– Not on NT B Units
– May require an additional Isolation Transformer for
small rooms (IEC / UL mark)
• All systems alike - jumpers on terminal blocks configure
the unit to the regional AC voltage
– Scanner and PC controller draw 12.5 A max (120V)
– Not on NT B Units
• New HV Supply is auto sensing

• Power Supplies
– DC Switching supply
• +5VDC
• +/- 12 VDC
• +24 VDC
– 2 High Voltage (X-Ray Generator)
– 1 High Voltage (X-Ray Detector)

PRODIGY will also get the new

Auto sensing supplies – no more
Jumpers!!
 NT A – High Voltage Supply AC Power
configurations
• AC Input
– 3 settings
– Read wall voltage
– match scanner jumper settings
– Jumpers are for setting the AC for
the HV Power Supplies
– DC supply is auto ranging

• NT (B) will not require any AC

entrance configuration
– New HV supply is auto-ranging
NT-(B) – New x-ray generation subsystem
•New HV Power supply
–Pos and Neg in single supply
–No MAX or XORB
•Integrated into supply
–No tube head control cable
–New HV cable design
–“Greaseless” fittings
•“Off the shelf” Claymount cables
•Cathode HV cable carries current
as well as potential
• New Tube
– Redesign of tube housing
• Better cooling
• Elimination of oil leaks
• Reduce internal cabling to reduce arcing
– Working with vendor to improve insert quality
– Thin filter (same as on A)
– Thermostat on top
• Replacement is possible without replacing the x-ray
tube

•All of these features will be

added to PRODIGY in April
of 2000
Detector bias supply: Detector HVPS
• Same AMP Box (AMP Board / HV DC Supply) as IQ
• Dedicated to power the detector
• Voltage Potential to 1000 VDC
• Automatically set and adjusted by the cSBC
– Two peak adjustments
1 – gain on amplifier (on cSBC only) – performed
every time QA is run has limits – if limits are
exceeded – bias adjustment is performed
automatically
2 – bias adjustment – performed if gain on amp falls
out of range – automatic adjustment
• Bias is applied constantly
– Detector life is increased by bias at all times
– Scintillator and light tube in PMT are desiccants
• Constant temperature maximizes life

• + 12 VDC input from cSBC

NT (C) Detector: PIB Interface Board
• PIB replaces AMP and Bias Power Supply
• PIB is backwards compatible with NT (B), NOT NT
(A)
• Voltage Potential to 600 to 1000 VDC
• Detector Bias
– The PIB reads the detector bias programming
information sent by the cSBC, and
– regulates, and provides feedback to the cSBC, for
the detector bias.
• AMP portion
– strips off the detector bias, amplifies the incoming
pulses from the detector by a factor of 240 and
shapes the pulse into a bipolar wave.
– bipolar pulse is then driven down the signal cable to
the cSBC for fine gain adjustment and event
counting.
NT (C) Detector: PIB Interface Board
cont.
• 3 connectors
– 5 pin connector,
• +12 VDC in -12 VDC in
• Ground bias program data in
• Bias feedback
– coaxial line (amplified bipolar signal to cSBC)
– large coaxial (connected to detector, deterctor
bias in, event pulses out)
 +24 VDC: Drives Scanner Mechanics and
X-ray filament
• Powers Tube Head Fans
• Powers Mechanics
– Transverse Motor
– Longitudinal Motor
– Shutter Solenoid

• Powers X-ray filament

– Power to D-MAX through the cSBC
– Filament drive is always on in NT (A)
• software version 2.16 firmware changed where the mA feedback
was sensed (Cathode vs. Anode)
– Keeps the filament current drive at lowest possible setting when
x-rays are not present
– NT (B) (C) systems – filament drive is through new HVPS – not D-
MAX
 X-Ray Production: + 24 VDC
• X-Ray Tube Head Filament and Motors
• Solid State Relay enables HV Power Supply
– Controlled by cSBC - Host PC
– Serves as E-stop on (B) (C) systems
• kV and mA is switched on and off inside of
new HV Power supply
• +24 VDC Supply is always on
– Red LED on D-MAX Board indicates the
presence of +24 VDC
– Always on, trickle current is always applied to the
tube
• No impact on filament life

• Remember – NT B, C does not have D-MAX

– Integrated into single HV Power supply
 Positive and Negative HVPS: create the potential for the
generation of X-Rays
Input from AC line
– Solid State Relay switches supplies on
– Supply input is 115 VAC
• Requires jumper settings for wall voltage (100, 115,
or 240)
• Create 76KV potential across X-Ray Tube Head insert
• As soon as 76 KV potential exists - X-Rays exist
• Bertan supply only!
– 5.0 mA Maximum Current
– 38 kV per Supply •NT (B) (C)
– Same supply as L / IQ / Prodigy –New all in one supply
– Now has different part number –Spellman and / or Bertan
– Up to 40 kV – 5.0mA
–Incorporates Filament current control
(MAX) into Power supply
–Both Positive and Negative in single
supply
–Auto-ranging – all levels of AC input
between 100 and 240 VAC
 Components of the DPX-NT Tube Head
• Oil Filled Metal Housing
• Fixed Anode X-Ray Insert
• Lead Shielding
• Filament Transformer
• Potential Failures
– Beam Hardening - Tungsten is boiled off of Anode (pits) and collects on the glass of the insert -
absorbs X-Rays
• Pitting due to high temperature - damages Anode focal Spot
– Filament can burn out
– Oil leak - arcing / air in tube
– Ramping failures - short in tube

• Prodigy or IQ Tubes are not equivalent to DPX-NT Tube

– Thinner filter to support lower mA
– Same x-ray flux with lower mA
– Remember NT-A tube is not NT-B Tube
– Remember Prodigy II tube is not NT-A tube!
 Collimator: control of X-Ray Exposure
•NT (B) (C) Collimator
• NT (A) collimator = DPX
•Beam on controlled by linear solenoid and
Collimator spring
– Collimation slide is not used –Shutter
•blocks beam
•Linear slide
•Tantalum attenuates X-Rays keeps
them contained prevents exposure
during ramping and patient positioning
–Collimator
•Determines Beam size
•single aperture
–Optical sensor for shutter position
•Like DPX OMI
•IR Beam - if beam is broken = shutter
open
•Fail safe - if beam is broken assume
shutter open - sensor can only tell if
shutter is closed
X-Ray to Pulse: DPX-NT X-Ray Detection
Overview
• Detector produces small pulses
• AMP has gain of 240
– Voltage in ~ 1mVDC (High Energy pulses)
– Shapes pulses (bipolar)
– Voltage out ~ 2.4 VDC (High Energy Pulses)

• AMP drives signal down to the cSBC

• cSBC performs all fine gain adjust (AGS) and
discrimination functions (DPXDCA functions in IQ)
– Potentiometers are gone – all settings are via
DACs (firmware / host / software controlled)
• NT (C), PIB replaces AMP
 Overview and Function of the cSBC - AGS
System
• AGS (Automatic Gain Stabilization
System)

• ~ 2.4 VDC bipolar pulse carrying

both high and low energy signals

• AGS adjusts gain on High energy

signal from input from AGSDCA

• OP / CAL Signal - disables the AGS

during the system QA so that the
Detector can be peaked correctly
 Single Purpose of the AGS Subsystem: Where is the
Pulse?

• Comparators check the voltage of High Energy Out of Range

Pulses to set limits (from FIRMWARE) 2.8
• Send logic signal to a DAC that Amplifies or ATTENUATE
Attenuates the incoming signal from the Detector 2.5
• Gain is constantly adjusted to keep the high energy
peak within a preset window
2.4
– (~2.4VDC) 2.3
AMPLIFY
• By stabilizing the gain on the high signal the low is
stabilized as well 2.0
Out of Range
– Adjustment is to raw Data
• Both High and Low Energy Pulses

• If system either rolls under or over

software generates an error
message
 Troubleshooting the D-MAX Board
• Green - Fuse is good
• Red - + 24V DC present
• LED’s will be lit when ever
scanner is powered up
• Troubleshooting tip - TP4, TP5
and TP13 should be continuous Test Point Signal Expected @ 76kV
when the Tube Head control and 0.38 mA
cable is hooked up TP1 -uA Monitor .380 VDC
– Indicates TH Filament is
good TP2 -kV Monitor 3.800 VDC
– Don’t forget the D-MAX is TP3 -kV Programming 3.800 VDC
always on
TP5 +uA Monitor .380 VDC
• Built into the new HVPS on (B)
systems TP6 +kV Monitor 3.800 VDC
• Test points can also be found on TP7 +kV Programming 3.800 VDC
the cSBC
 Troubleshooting with the XORB
• If ramping trouble exists TP 1, 5,
2 and 6 are good
troubleshooting guides
• voltage ramping signal
– ~ 2 sec after cSBC receives
command to generate x-rays
• current ramping signal
– ~ 3 sec after cSBC receives
command to generate x-rays
– A small amount of current
exists when voltage has been
applied, but the cSBC does not
regulate it until this second part
of the ramping profile
 cSBC Board Mechanical Control and
Error Detection Functions
– Shutter solenoid
– Scanner Motor Controllers
– Display Panel indicators and controls
– Monitors 5 different interrupts, all of which are capable
of resetting the cSBC (shutting down x-ray production)
• Emergency Stop Switch - open circuit - (loss of
signal - failsafe) - normally closed circuit
• Tube Head Thermostat - circuit open (loss of signal
- failsafe) - normally closed circuit
• Longitudinal Motion Interrupt - source open no
movement (OMI) 0.25 sec timeout
• Transverse Motion Interrupt - source open no
movement (OMI) 0.25 sec timeout
• Failure of the +24 VDC Power Supply – unable to
ramp tube current without this supply
– Would also cause mechanical failures
 Motor Control: Moving the Scan Arm
FLUKE o-scope

• The cSBC sends commands to CENTENT

• Commands - Run / Hold and Direction

– CENTENT - motor controller
• Drives Stepper motors

• NEW! Molex Plug for the Transverse

CENTENT wires
– Quick connection
– Must leave High Voltage Trough on – Stepping Pulse
be careful not to bend it
•Sent By cSBC
 Motor Control NT(C): Moving the Scan
Arm
• The cSBC sends commands to GECKO

– Functions the same as the CENTENT

• Drives Stepper motors

• Gecko is NOT backwards

compatible with NT (A) and (B)
 User Interface: What’s the scanner doing?

• Four indicators display system status.

– Green Light Emitting Diode (LED) indicates power-on
• Driven by +5 / +24 VDC power supply comes on.
• Power on LED is lit whenever scan table power is on.
• Yellow LED indicates laser is on
– The laser on LED is lit when the cSBC turns the laser on .

• An amber X-ray On LED indicates x-rays are being produced

• The yellow Shutter Open LED indicates Shutter open

– shutter open indicator is also on the PC controller screen).

• Rocker switches (joystick) on the panel allow operator control of

the beam position.
– The Rocker switches are enabled by the cSBC
It is not recommended that
scanner operation be
• The Emergency stop button (red), halts x-ray production. continued if these LED's
– The cSBC detects if this normally closed circuit is opened (fail-safe signal the operator of
operation). exposure to x-rays and must
be replaced as soon as
• An audible signal notifies the operator when the Shutter is closed
possible.
 Control and Sensing of the Shutter and
Collimator

• The Shutter is actuated by a solenoid using +24

VDC, the voltage is reduced to a holding voltage of
12VDC after the shutter is opened.

• This solenoid is controlled by signals generated on

the cSBC, and optically isolated by the cSBC.

• A micro switch (NT- A) detects the position of the

shutter and reports its condition to the cSBC

– NT-A collimator = DPX Collimator

• An optical interrupter (NT- B, C) detects the shutter

open condition (IR beam broken) and reports
shutter position information back to the cSBC.
 OMI Function: Motion Detect
• There are 2 OMI’s on a DPX-NT series
scanner
– longitudinal
– transverse

• These boards have 2 infra-red beam

emitters / detectors
• Same OMI’s as on PRODIGY
• A slotted wheel which rotates while the
mechanics are functioning breaks the beam
– When a beam is broken the OMI sends
a pulse to the cSBC
– If the pulses are absent - the cSBC
reports a motion error
• Time out for both motions is
about 0.25 sec
 cSBC Troubleshooting LED’s illustrate Errors sensed

• Red LEDs = reset or error

• Green LED’s = Power on
• Amber LEDs – indicators of function
• Some cSBC LED’s:
– (D10) Longitudinal OMI, when this LED flashes, the Longitudinal OMI
infrared beam is “seen” by the IR detector
– (D9) Transverse OMI, when this LED flashes, the Longitudinal OMI infrared
beam is “seen” by the IR detector
– (D8) X-ray on (28 VDC supply), when this LED is lit when the +28 VDC
power supply is on (relays are excited)
– (D7) Mechanics engage, when LED is out the motor(s) are enabled
– (D6) - Errors Clear, must be lit - out when cSBC detects an error (failsafe)
– (D5) Reset when this LED is lit the SBC is in Reset
cSBC Diagnostic LEDs – table 4-7 NT Service Manual

LED COLOR FUNCTION Status (when lit)

D13 Green +24 VDC +24 VDC Present
D14 Green +12 VDC +12 VDC Present
D15 Green -12 VDC -12 VDC Present
D7 Green +5 VDC + 5 VDC Present
D16 Red Flex Config FLEX PLD not Programmed
D20 Red CPU reset CPU in reset mode
D19 Red Scanner reset Scanner In Reset (failsafe)
mode
D27 Red AGS Roll AGS Rollover/under
D29 Amber Flex 1 Diagnostic LED 1
D31 Amber Flex 2 Diagnostic LED 2
D22 Amber Flex 3 Diagnostic LED 3
D28 Amber TV OMI Valid TV motion
D24 Amber LONG OMI Valid LONG motion
D25 Amber HE Count HE photon detected
D23 Amber LE Count LE photon detected
D21 Amber HVPS 7681 HVPS enable
 cSBC Commonly Used Test Points
Name TP(s) Limits
+24 VDC TP88, TP86 23.0 – 26.4

+5 VDC TP78, TP43 4.99-5.21

+12 VDC TP12, TP24 11.75 – 12.25 Table 4-8

-12 VDC TP8, TP24 -11.65 - -12.37 From the
LE LOW TP25, TP 24 0.990 – 1.010 NT Service
LE HIGH TP30, TP24 1.960 – 1.980
Manual
HE LOW TP26, TP24 1.665 – 1.685

HE HIGH TP33, TP24 2.790 – 2.810

AML TP38, TP24 2.005 – 2.025

MID TP36, TP24 2.355 – 2.375

+kV FDBK TP18 3.760-3.840

-kV FDBK TP17 3.760-3.840

+mA FDBK TP16 0.046-0.054 @0.05mA

 cSBC: Scanner Control and
Communication Functions
• Control Functions
– Control of x-ray source power supplies, and
shutter / collimator in a fail safe manner.
– Provides control signals for two external stepper
motor drives (Centent) to scan patient in a fail
safe manner and senses limit switch actuation at
the limits of travel.
– Detects all errors in all sub-systems

• Communication
– Communicates with PC host via an optically
isolated RS-232 interface.
– Collects data from the detector and processes it.
• Gain adjust
• Event discrimination and counting