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Statsprob L01

The document provides an introduction to statistics including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, probability, events and sample spaces, classical probability, empirical probability. It discusses key concepts such as data, population, average, survey and includes examples to illustrate statistical and probability concepts and problems.

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lachicawilbert29
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32 views

Statsprob L01

The document provides an introduction to statistics including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, probability, events and sample spaces, classical probability, empirical probability. It discusses key concepts such as data, population, average, survey and includes examples to illustrate statistical and probability concepts and problems.

Uploaded by

lachicawilbert29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

M1

L1
Lesson 1:
Introduction to Statistics
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
Statistics is a mathematical body of science that deals
with collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and
interpreting data to draw conclusions about a group or
population.
 Data refers to values of measurements or
observations from a characteristic or attribute
of interest in a study or experiment.
 A group of data is a data set.
 Population refers to all members or subjects
belonging to a group of interest.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Descriptive statistics is the area of statistics that consists
of the collection, organization, and presentation of data
needed from a group. This uses numbers, tables, and
graphs, among others, to describe or give an overview of a
group of interest.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Descriptive statistics is also used in the following
statements:
 The average age of Filipinos in 2020 is 25.7 years.
 Majority of teams in the National Basketball Association
(NBA) score 111 points every game.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Inferential statistics is the other area of statistics comprising
of generalizations of the characteristics of a population using
data gathered from a sample.

Sample refers to a subgroup


of members or subjects
selected from a population.
Descriptive
Inferential
Seatwork 3.1
Instruction: Identify whether the given information uses a descriptive or an
inferential statistics.
1. The average height of all Filipino males is 163.22 cm.
2. 5 out of 10 Filipinos are happy according to a survey
with 1440 participants.
3. Based on a study of 200 gamers, it was found out that
gaming habits directly affect school performance.
4. Ninety percent of people living under poverty in
Southeast Asia can be found in Indonesia and
Philippines.
5. More than 8 out of 10 Filipinos belong to Catholicism.
PROBABILITY
Probability refers to the proportion or chance that any
particular event will likely occur.
 A probability experiment is any
procedure involving a chance
process leading to any collection of
well-defined results referred to as
outcomes.
 An outcome is the result of a single
trial of a probability experiment.
EVENTS AND SAMPLE SPACES
All the possible outcomes of a
probability experiment are listed
inside a set. This set is called the
sample space.
For experiments with multiple
trials or separate, distinct events,
constructing a Tree diagram is a
helpful method to identify a sample
space. Tree diagrams are
constructed by listing all possible
outcomes of each of the smaller
experiments or trials.
CLASSICAL PROBABILITY
Classical probability assumes that the likelihood or chance of
all outcomes in a probability event is all the same or equal.
INDEPENDENT EVENTS AND DEPENDENT EVENTS
Two or more events that do not affect the probability of one another occurring
are called independent events.
Events are said to be dependent when the outcome or occurrence of one event
influences the outcome or occurrence of the other in such a way that the
probability changes.
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Lesson 1:
How do you solve for the sample space and probability?

 The process of
multiplying the individual
probabilities can be
explained using a Tree
Diagram:
 From the tree diagram,
the event of getting
heads in all three trials
(Heads-Heads-Heads) is
one out of all eight
possible combinations in
the sample space or P(E)=
1/8.
Example: When rolling a fair die, what is the probability, P(E), of getting a
number larger than 2 as a result?
Solution:
To use classical probability, first Substitute in the formula:
identify the number of outcomes that
are larger than 2 and the number of
total possible outcomes when rolling a
fair die. Therefore, the probability of getting a
Outcomes Number of number larger than 2 when rolling a die
Outcomes is 67%.
Event (E) 3,4,5,6 n (E) = 4
Total
Outcomes 1,2,3,4,5,6 n (S) = 6
EMPIRICAL PROBABILITY
While classical probability relies on the assumption that all outcomes have
equal chance to happen, empirical probability relies on actual experience
or observed data to determine the likelihood of an event happening.
Empirical probability makes use of a frequency distribution table showing
the number of times each outcome happened over a set of observations.
Example: In a class of 50 students, a survey was conducted to see what
mode of transportation each one uses to get to school. The results are
shown below:
Mode of Transportation Number of Students
Jeepney 26

Walking 9

Bicycle 15

Total 50
What is the probability P(E) of
selecting a student from the class
randomly that does not ride a jeepney
to school?
Walking = 9
Bicycle = 15

There is 48% probability that a


student from the class will not ride a
jeepney to school.
Seatwork 3.2
Instruction: Identify whether the given information uses a classical or an
empirical probability.
1. An office employs seven women and one men. One
employee will be randomly selected to receive a free
lunch.
2. In 80 families, a survey was conducted to know their
annual family income. what is the probability that a
family’s income is Php 100,000 per year?
3. In multiple choice test item consisting of four choices
(A, B, C, D). What is the probability that the correct
answer is A?

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