ACC 1

Masters of
Architecture
Presented By
Ashley Ann S. Caisip
 Historical Masters
• The ancient Egyptians.
• Imhotep was known as master builder in Egypt.
• Vitruvius a Roman architect and engineer is also
famous with this work titled De Architectura or
the Ten Books of Architecture.
• Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian polymath of the
High Renaissance, was also an architect.

Pyramid of Djoser
Modern
Masters 1 Louis Henry Sullivan 8 Philip Johnson

2 Antoni Gaudi 9 Daniel Libeskind

3 Frank Lloyd Wright 10 Frank Gehry

4 Le Corbusier 11 Richard Rogers

5 Walter Gropius 12 Peter Eisenman

6 Ludwig Mies Ven Der Rohe 13 Norman Foster

7 Alvar Aalto 14 Santiago Calatrava

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

 ACC 1

Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 – 1924)

• A American Architect
• He is known as the “Father of Skyscrapers“ and also
“Father of Modernism“.
• He was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright.
• He was inspired by the Art Nouveau architectural style but
his design style focused on the functionality of the
building compared to the aesthetics of the building.
• “Form Follows Function”
Guaranty
Building
Buffalo, New York 1895-96
Auditorium
Building and
Theatre
Michigan Ave. Chicago,
Illinois 1889
Wainwright
Building
St. Louis, Missouri, USA 1889
Bayard–
Condict
Building
Clinton, Iowa, USA 1899
 ACC 1

Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)

• A Spanish Architect
• A Barcelona-based Spanish Architect whose free-flowing
works were greatly influenced by nature.
• His distinctive style is characterized by freedom of form,
voluptuous color and texture, and organic unity.
• His unique style is characterized as Catalan Modernism,
Art Nouveau, Neo-Gothic.
Sagrada
Família
Barcelona, Spain, begun in
1882 and still unfinished
Casa Vicens
Barcelona, Spain 1883-85
Casa Batlló
Barcelona, Spain 1906
Casa Milà
Barcelona, Spain 1912
 ACC 1

Frank Lloyd Wright (1867 –1959)

• An American Architect, Interior Designer, Writer, and
Educator
• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture
• He was a modern architect who developed an Organic and
distinctly American Style.
• He is best known as a pioneer in the Prairie Style
• His principles in designs are organic colors, simple
geometric shapes, integration of building with natural
surroundings, strong horizontal lines and hidden entries.
• “Form Function Are One“
Fallingwater
or Kaufman
House
Pennsylvania, USA 1939
Solomon R.
Guggenheim
Museum
New York City, USA 1959
Unity
Temple
Illinois, USA 1908
Ennis House

California, USA 1924

Robie House

Chicago, USA 1910

 ACC 1

Walter Gropius (1883-1969)

• A German Architect and Art Educator
• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture
• Founder of the Bauhaus School along with Ludwig Mies
van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Frank Lloyd Wright
• He believed that all design should be functional as well as
aesthetically pleasing.
• His philosophy resulted a clean, simple, modern design
with the use of steel frames and glass curtains.
The Fagus
Factory
Alfeld an der Leine, Lower
Saxony, Germany 1911
Bauhaus
Dessau, Germany 1933
Gropius
House
Lincoln, Massachusetts, USA
1938
Bauhaus
Archive
Berlin, Germany 1979
 ACC 1

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

(1886-1969)
• A German-American Architect and Educator
• Whose rectilinear forms, crafted in elegant simplicity,
epitomized the International Style of architecture.
• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture
• He emphasized open space and revealing the industrial
materials used in construction.
• He called his buildings “skin and bones” archietcture
• “Less is more” and “God is in the details”
Mies van der
Rohe
Pavilion
Barcelona, Spain 1929
Edith
Farnsworth
House
Illinois, USA 1951
Seagram
Building
New York city, USA 1958
S. R. Crown
Hall (IIT
College of
Architecture)
Illinois, USA, 1956
Villa
Tugendhat
Brno, Czech Republic 1930
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Le Corbusier (1887-1965)
• The pseudonym for Charles Édouard Jeanneret-Gris
• A Swiss-French Architect and city planner
• Pioneer Master of Modern Architecture which led him as a
major proponent of the Bauhaus movement and the
International style.
• Ideas: Five Points of Architecture, Le Modulor, Dom-ino
House
• ''Architecture is the learned game, correct and magnificent,
of forms assembled in the light. ''
 ACC 1

Le Corbusier’s
5 Points of a New
Architecture:
• Pilotis
• Roof Garden
• Free Plan
• Ribbon Windows
• Free Façade
Villa Savoye
Paris, France 1931
“The
Radiant
City”
Unité
d'Habitation
de Marseille
Marseille, France 1952
Colline
Notre Dame
du Haut
Ronchamp, France 1954
Palace of
Assembly
Chandigarh, India 1961
La Tourette
Lyon, France 1961
 ACC 1

Alvar Aalto (1898-

1976)
• A Finnish architect
• He is known as the Father of Modern Scandinavian
design, and also became famous for his furniture and
glassware.
• His works are modernist and functional, yet classically-
inspired.
• The term Nordic Classicism has been used to describe of
Alvar Aalto's early work.
• He transitioned to a rational International style modernism
during the 1930s to a more organic modernist style from
the 1940s onwards.
Paimio
Sanatorium
Paimio, Finland 1933
Baker House
Dormitory

Cambridge, United States 1949

Villa Mairea
Noormarkku, Finland 1939
Finlandia
Hall
Helsinki, Finland 1971

Säynätsalo
Town Hall
Säynätsalo, Finland 1952
 ACC 1

Philip Johnson (1906-2005)

• An American Architect and Critic
• Known both for his promotion of the International Style
and, later, for his role in defining Postmodernist
Architecture.
• Johnson was gay; he came out in public and he was named
“America’s best-known openly gay architect.”
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was his mentor with whom he
worked on the widely praised Seagram Building in New
York City.
• “Architecture is the art of how to waste space.”
The Glass
House, or
Johnson
House
Connecticut, USA 1949
Crystal
Cathedral
California, USA 1980
AT&T
Building (now
Sony Tower)
New York City, USA 1984
Lipstick
Building
New York City, United States
1986
Gate of
Europe
Towers
Madrid, Spain 1996
 ACC 1

Daniel Libeskind (1946)

• A Polish-American Architect, artist, professor, and set
designer of Polish Jewish descent.
• His architectural style is closely aligned with
Deconstructivism, drastic angles, strong geometries, and
seamless transitions between spaces are observed in his
buildings.
• He is renowned for his ability to evoke cultural memory in
buildings.
• Daniel Libeskind once summed up his work as
“meaningful architecture that articulates history”
• He truly believes that his work functions as public art for
the people
Royal Ontario
Museum

Toronto, Canada 1984

Jewish
Museum
Berlin
Berlin, Germany 1999
Imperial War
Museum
North
Manchester, United Kingdom
2002
Extension to
the Denver
Art Museum
Colorado, USA 2006
Run Run
Shaw
Creative
Media Centre
Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
2011
Reflection at
Keppel Bay

Keppel Bay, Singapore 2011

 ACC 1

Frank Gehry (1929)

• A Canadian-American Architect
• He is known for his distinctive architectural style
characterized by a collage-like composition out of found
materials like plywood, corrugated metal and chain-link
fences
• His style is considered Deconstructivist and is typically
characterized by flowing lines, and surfaces that vary from
titanium cladding to metal Blobitectural modular parts.
• “Every building is by nature a sculpture. Sculpture is a
three-dimensional object and so is a building.”
Dancing
House
Prague, Czech Republic 1996
Guggenheim
Museum
Bilbao
Bilbao, Spain 1997
Museum of
Pop Culture
Washington, USA 2000
Gehry House

California, USA 2003

Walt Disney
Concert Hall

California, USA 2003

 ACC 1

Richard Rogers (1933-2021)

• A British Architect
• He is best known for his high-tech approach that he
described as “celebrating the components of the structure”
• He is known for designs exposing the skeleton and
services of buildings, and the use of state-of-the art
materials like stainless steel and glass
• The notion of social integration is one of the other most
important points of his architectural concept.
• His architectural philosophy’s concepts are legible,
transparent, lightweight, systems, urban, public, and green.
The Centre
Pompidou
Paris, France 1977
Lloyd's
Building
London, England 1986
Millennium
Dome
London, England 1999
One Hyde
Park
London, England 2011
The
Leadenhall
Building
London, England 2014
International
Towers
Sydney
Barangaroo, Australia 2016
 ACC 1

Peter Eisenman (1932)

• An American Architect
• One of the New York Five or The Five Whites, together with Richard
Meier, Michael Graves, Charles Gwathmey and John Hejduk
• He is one of the foremost practitioners of Deconstructivism in American
architecture.
• He seeks for meaning in architecture not through the use of historical
elements but through the manipulation and transformation of the
architectural forms themselves.
• “I am looking for ways of conceptualizing space that will place the
subject in a displaced relationship because they will have no
iconographic reference to traditional forms of organization. That is what
I have always been trying to do, to displace the subject, to oblige the
subject to conceptualize architecture.”
.
HOUSE VI
Cornwall, Connecticut 1975
Wexner
Center for
the Arts
Ohio, USA 1989
The Greater
Columbus
Convention
Center
Ohio, USA 1993
Aronoff
Center for
Design and
Art
Ohio, USA 1996
 ACC 1

Norman Foster (1935)

• An British Architect
• He worked under, was influenced by, Buckminster Fuller
• He has earned the reputation of being the “Father of High-
tech Architecture”
• His architectural style is typically described as high-tech
and modernist, employs the innovative use of materials
like steel and glass.
• He is also an advocate of something he calls the
“responsibility framework”. This framework outlines his
design philosophy: sustainable architecture with a focus on
visitor experience.
Renault
Distribution
Centre
Swindon, England 1982
Hongkong &
Shanghai
Bank
Central, Hong Kong 1985
Stansted
Airport
Essex, England, United
Kingdom 1991
London City
Hall
London, United Kingdom 2002
30 St Mary
Axe (The
Gherkin)
London, United Kingdom 2003
Apple Park
California, US 2017
 ACC 1

Santiago Calatrava (1951)

• A Spanish-Swiss Architect, Structural Engineer, Sculptor,
and Painter
• He's well-known for his groundbreaking designs that
blend architecture and engineering
• His reputation as one of the most renowned architects
stems from his contributions to the advancement of high-
tech architecture
• His works take materials like concrete, glass and steel
beyond the normal bounds his style is often categorized as
Neo-futuristic.
• He is widely known for his sculptural bridges and
buildings.
Hemisfèric
Valencia, Spain 1998
Museu de les
Ciències
Príncipe
Felipe
Valencia, Spain 2000
Quadracci
Pavilion
Wisconsin, USA 2001
Auditorio de
Tenerife Adán
Martín
Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
2003
Turning
Torso
Malmö, Sweden 2005
Thank you for listening!