Programme: F. Y. B. Sc.

Subject : Electronics

Semester : II

Course Code: ELC 102

Course Title : Linear and Digital Integrated circuits

Clock and Timer (IC 555)

Unit II : Clock and Timer (IC 555)

Module Name : Introduction, Block diagram of IC 555

Shri. Sameer Manohar Patil

Associate Professor
Dnyanprassarak Mandal’s College and Research centre
Assagao, Bardez-Goa
Outline

 Introduction to 555 timer

 Pin diagram of 555 timer IC

 Block diagram of 555 timer IC

Learning Outcomes

The student will be able to:

Select a 555 timer IC for a specific application.

Explain the block diagram of 555 timer.


The standard 555 timer IC is used in a variety of timer, pulse generation and
oscillator applications. It can be used to provide time delays, as oscillators and
as flip-flop elements. The 555 timer IC is an integral part of electronics projects
• The 555 Timer IC got its name from the three 5KΩ resistors that are used in its voltage divider network.
This IC is useful for generating accurate time delays and oscillations.
• The 555 timer can be used with a supply voltage (Vs) in the range 4.5V to 15V (18V is the absolute
maximum).
• according to the website, the 555 timer has a maximum frequency of 2MHz.
• Use data sheet
• Hans Camenzind is well known for the design of the 555 timer, but he accomplished much more in his lifetime.
• The timer IC was designed in 1971 by Hans Camenzind under contract to Signetics.

• The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and oscillator
applications. Derivatives provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package.
• The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and oscillator
applications. Derivatives provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package.
• The first design for the 555 was reviewed in the summer of 1971. Assessed to be without error, it proceeded to layout
design. A few days later, Camenzind got the idea of using a direct resistance instead of a constant current source,
finding that it worked satisfactorily. The design change decreased the required 9 external pins to 8, so the IC could be
fit in an 8-pin package instead of a 14-pin package. This revised version passed a second design review, and the
prototypes were completed in October 1971 as the NE555V (plastic DIP) and SE555T (metal TO-5).
 There are two types of 555 timer based on its nomenclature – NE 555 Timer and SE 555
Timer. While NE 555 timer can be used in the temperature range from 0 to 70°C, the SE 555
Timer can be used in the temperature range from -55°C to 125°C and has a temperature
stability of 0.005% per 0C.
• Here's the internal schematics of 555 Timer which consists of 25 transistors, 2 diodes and 15
resistors. Represented with a block diagram it consists of 2 comparators, a flip-flop, a voltage
divider, a discharge transistor and an output stage.
• Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package incorporated the equivalent of
25 transistors, 2 diodes, and 15 resistors on a silicon chip packaged into an 8-pin dual in-line
package (DIP-8).[14][15] Variants available included the 556 (a DIP-14 combining two complete
555s on one chip),[16] and 558 / 559 (both variants were a DIP-16 combining four reduced-
functionality timers on one chip).[2]

• The NE555 parts were commercial temperature range, 0 °C to +70 °C, and the SE555 part number designated the military temperature range,
−55 °C to +125 °C. These chips were available in both high-reliability metal can (T package) and inexpensive epoxy plastic (V package) form
factors. Thus, the full part numbers were NE555V, NE555T, SE555V, and SE555T.

• Low-power CMOS versions of the 555 are now available, such as the Intersil ICM7555 and Texas
Instruments LMC555, TLC555, TLC551
Oscillator
It is circuit that generates a repetitive waveform of fixed amplitude and frequency
without any external input signal.

Working principle: Use of positive feedback

Amplifier No
Input Output Input Oscillator Output
(Av)

Biasing Biasing
supply supply
Vin=0 Vd
+ Amplifier Vo Amplifier Vo
(Av) (Av)
+

Feedback Feedback
Vf circuit (β) Vo Vf circuit (β)
Barkhausen’s Criteria

Aβ<1

Aβ>1

Aβ=1
Frequency stability
it is the ability of the oscillator circuit to oscillate at a single frequency.

Factors influencing stability are:

1.Temperature changes
2.Changes in the Dc power supply
3.Q factor
Wein Bridge Oscillator

 Positive feedback is provided by RC network.

 Negative feedback is applied through resistors in order to reduce loop gain to unity.
References

• Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, Ramakant Gayakwad, PHI

• Integrated Circuits , K. R. Botkar, Khanna Publishers

Description
The LM555/NE555/SA555 is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate timing pulses. With a
monostable operation, the time delay is controlled by one external resistor and one capacitor. With an astable
operation, the frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled by two external resistors and one capacitor.
Features
• High Current Drive Capability (200mA)
• Adjustable Duty Cycle
• Temperature Stability of 0.005%/°C
• Timing From µSec to Hours LM555 Product details
• Turn off Time Less Than 2µSec
Applications
• Precision Timing
• Pulse Generation
• Time Delay Generation
• Sequential Timing