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7E Acids and Alkalis

This document provides information about acids and alkalis. It states that acids have a sour taste, can corrode metals, and turn litmus red, with a pH between 1-6. Examples given are hydrochloric acid and citric acid. Alkalis can also corrode metals, turn litmus blue, and have a pH of 8-14. Examples provided are sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The document discusses working safely with acids and alkalis, using indicators like litmus and universal indicator to detect them, and examples of neutralization reactions between acids and alkalis.

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Mikey Mcfc Peters
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275 views10 pages

7E Acids and Alkalis

This document provides information about acids and alkalis. It states that acids have a sour taste, can corrode metals, and turn litmus red, with a pH between 1-6. Examples given are hydrochloric acid and citric acid. Alkalis can also corrode metals, turn litmus blue, and have a pH of 8-14. Examples provided are sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The document discusses working safely with acids and alkalis, using indicators like litmus and universal indicator to detect them, and examples of neutralization reactions between acids and alkalis.

Uploaded by

Mikey Mcfc Peters
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Acids and Alkalis

Some facts about acids and alkalis


ACIDS
Sharp, sour taste Strong acids can corrode (eat away) metals, e.g. hydrochloric acid Some can burn living tissue, e.g. battery acid, other kinds wont, e.g. lemon juice Some are hazardous, e.g. sulphuric acid, some are harmless, e.g. vinegar Neutralise (cancel out) alkalis Turn litmus indicator RED Have a pH of 1-6 Examples hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid nitric acid citric acid (lemons, oranges etc) vinegar soap (Johnsons pH 5.5) Soapy feel Strong alkalis can corrode metals, e.g. sodium hydroxide Can be caustic (burn living tissue), e.g. caustic soda for oven cleaning Some are hazardous, e.g. sodium hydroxide, some are harmless, e.g. sodium bicarbonate (baking powder) Neutralise (cancel out) acids Turn litmus indicator BLUE Have a pH of 8-14 Examples Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) ammonium hydroxide (ammonia) calcium hydroxide (limewater) Washing powder Oven cleaner soap

ALKALIS

Working safely with acids and alkalis


ALWAYS wear goggles
If you get it on your skin wash it off with water immediately, then tell your teacher If you get it in your eyes, wash your eyes with water immediately, then tell your teacher ALWAYS read the Hazcard and observe the hazard warnings Use your common sense!

Hazard signs to learn

Acid

Corrosive attack and destroy living tissue, e.g. eyes and skin

h
Harmful when swallowed, breathed in or absorbed through he skin

i
Irritant not corrosive but cause reddening and blistering of the skin

Detecting acids and alkalis


We can detect an acid or alkali using an INDICATOR Indicators change colour in acids or alkalis LITMUS indicator
RED in ACIDS PURPLE in NEUTRAL solutions BLUE in ALKALIS

UNIVERSAL indicator colour depends on the pH of the solution

Universal Indicator and the pH scale


Universal Indicator is a mixture of liquids that will produce a range of colours to show how strong the acid or alkali is:

10

11

12 13 14

Stomach acid

Lemon juice

Water Soap Baking powder Oven cleaner

Strong acid

Strong alkali

Neutral

Neutralisation
Something that is not an acid or an alkali is said to be NEUTRAL
Water is an example of a NEUTRAL SOLUTION An acid and alkali will neutralise each other if the correct amounts are used:

Acid + alkali

Salt + water
sodium chloride + water

E.g. hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide

Useful acid-alkali reactions


1) Hydrochloric acid is used in the stomach to help _______. If we eat too many rich foods our stomachs create too much ____ this is called ______. This acid needs to be neutralised by taking indigestion tablets. 2) Soil is naturally acidic, mainly due to acid ____. This can have bad effects on ____ and vegetable growth, so the excess acid may need to be neutralised with an _____ or suitable fertiliser.

Words plant, digestion, indigestion, alkali, rain, acid

Useful acid-alkali reactions


Food preservation pickling involves soaking the food in vinegar which kills the bacteria which causes food to decay Hair and skin care the best pH for skin is 5.5. Soaps containing very weak acids or alkalis can be used to get this pH level
Stings BEE stings are ACIDIC and are treated using an alkali such as calamine lotion which neutralises the acid of the sting. WASP stings are ALKALINE and are neutralised using an acid such as vinegar Soil treatment acid rain can turn soil acidic. Some plants will not grow in acidic soil. The soil is neutralised using LIME which is an alkali

Quiz on acids and alkalis


Acid, alkali or both???
1) This a pH of less than 7 2) This could kill cells 3) This is often used in cleaners or soap 4) This would turn Universal Indicator red

5) Sodium hydroxide is a common ____________


6) This would feel soapy on your skin 7) This could be a corrosive

8) This will turn universal indicator purple


9) This would taste sour 10) Lemon juice and vinegar are examples of weak _____

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