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07ch02 PPT Notes - Anil K

The document discusses the process of digestion in humans. It describes the different parts of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. It also discusses digestion in grass-eating animals like cows and buffaloes, as well as digestion in amoebas.

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31 views

07ch02 PPT Notes - Anil K

The document discusses the process of digestion in humans. It describes the different parts of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. It also discusses digestion in grass-eating animals like cows and buffaloes, as well as digestion in amoebas.

Uploaded by

অভিষেক দাস রাকেশ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUTRITION IN ANIMALS

CLASS VII
DIGESTION IN HUMANS
• The organs that are included in the whole digestive process, are together forms the digestive
system.
Digestive system

Digestive tract/Alimentary canal Associated glands

1.Buccal cavity 1.Salivary gland


2.Oesophagus(Food pipe) 2.Liver
3.Stomach 3.Pancrease
4.Small intestine
5.Large intestine
6.Rectum
7.Anus
1. MOUTH AND BUCCAL CAVITY
 Food is taken into the body through mouth.
 The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion.
 The buccal cavity includes:
i].TEETH:
#We chew the food and breakdown mechanically into small pieces by the teeth.
# Each tooth is rooted in the separate socket in the gums.
# In a human life two sets of teeth grow. One is milk teeth(has during birth but fall down after a certain age) the other one
is permanent teeth(remains for the whole life).
# There are four types of teeth to perform different functions. These are:
* Incisors (4+4):help in biting and cutting the food
* Canines(2+2): help in piercing and tearing the food.
* Premolars(2+2) and Molars(3+3): help in chewing and grinding the food.
ii]TONGUE:
# It is a fleshy muscular organ helps to mix the food with saliva and swallow the food.
# Our tongue has different taste buds to detect different tastes of food.
iii] SALIVARY GLAND:
# It secrets saliva which helps in breakdown of starch into simpler forms.
2. OESOPHAGUS/FOOD PIPE

# The food pipe passes along the neck and chest.

# The swallowed food is pushed down by the movement of the walls of

the food pipe into the stomach.

3. STOMACH:

# It is the widest part of the alimentary canal.

# It is a thick walled bag shaped like a flattened J.

# The secretions of the stomach are:

* Mucous: protects the lining of the stomach from the acid.

* Hydrochloric acid: kills the bacteria that enter along with the food and makes the medium

Acidic and help the digestive juices to act.

* Digestive juices: breakdown the protein into simpler substances.


4.SMALL INTESTINE

# It is the longest part of the alimentary canal of about 7.5 metres long.
# It’s wall secret intestinal juices and it receives the secretions of liver and pancreas.
LIVER
* It is reddish brown in colour.
* It is the largest gland in the body.
* It secrets bile juice which is stored in a sac called gall bladder.
* Bile helps in digestion of fats.
PANCREAS
* It is a cream coloured gland located just below the stomach.
* It secrets pancreatic juice which acts on carbohydrates, fats and proteins and
changes them into simpler forms.
# Remaining food is digested by the intestinal juice at lower part of the small intestine.
# The digestion process completes here and the carbohydrates get broken into glucose, proteins into
amino acids and fats into fatty acid and glycerol.
ABSORPTION OF DIGESTED FOOD IN SMALL INTESTINE
 The digested food is absorbed by the walls of the small intestine

Which is rich in blood vessels. This process is called absorption.

 The small intestine has several finger like projections called villi, rich in blood vessels.

 The villi helps to increase the surface area for absorption.

 The absorbed materials are carried by the blood to different parts of the body and used by the body.

This is called assimilation.

 The undigested food then passes into the large intestine.

5. LARGE INTESTINE:
# It is about 1.5 metre in length.

# It absorbs water and some salts from the undigested food materials.

6. RECTUM:
The remaining waste passes into the rectum and remains there as semi-solid faeces.

7. ANUS:
The faecal matter is removed through the anus. This is called egestion.
DIGESTION IN GRASS EATING ANIMALS
• Grass eating animals like cows and buffaloes quickly swallow
the grass and store it in a separate part of the stomach called
rumen.
• Here the food is partly digested and is called cud.
• Then the cud is brought back to the mouth in small lumps and
chewed. This process is called rumination.
• The chewed food then passes into a sac like structure between
the small intestine and large intestine.
• The cellulose in the grass is digested with the help of some
bacteria.
FEEDING AND DIGESTION IN AMOEBA

• Amoeba is a single celled organism found in pond water.


• The cell has a cell membrane , cytoplasm and a nucleus. The
cytoplasm has many bubble like vacuoles. The cell has finger
like projections called pseudopodia (false feet) which helps it
to move and capture food.
• When amoeba comes near food particles ,pseudopodia is
produced around the food particle. The food particle is trapped
in a food vacuole.
• In the food vacuole the food is digested by digestive enzymes
and absorbed.
• The undigested waste is then sent out.

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