TYPES OF

OPERATING
SYSTEM IN
DETAIL
NAME REGD NO EMAIL_ID
RAJASHREE BEHERA 2201020711 [email protected]
ADITYA RAJ 2201020747 [email protected]
A SRINIVAS DORA 2201020752 [email protected]
PRINCE KUMAR 2201020754 [email protected]
GYANA RANJAN SUNDARAY 2201020755 [email protected]
RAHUL KUMAR MISHRA 2201020779 [email protected]
T.CHARLIE PRIYA 2201020832 [email protected]
MAYANK RAJ 2201020886 [email protected]
ABHISHEK SRIVASTAVA 2201020887 [email protected]
KUMARI ARPANA 2201020945 [email protected]
ADARSH SANUJIT 2201020951 [email protected]
INTRODUCTION

• An Operating System (OS) is a collection of

software that manages computer hardware
resources and provides common services for
computer programs. The operating system is
the most important type of system software in a
computer system.
Functions of the Operating System

Resource Management: The operating Process Management: The operating

system manages and allocates memory, system is responsible for starting, stopping,
CPU time, and other hardware resources and managing processes and programs. It
among the various programs and processes also controls the scheduling of processes
running on the computer. and allocates resources to them.

Security: The operating system provides a

Memory Management: The operating
secure environment for the user,
system manages the computer’s primary
applications, and data by implementing
memory and provides mechanisms for
security policies and mechanisms such as
optimizing memory usage.
access controls and encryption.
 Convenient to use: One of the User Friendly: To make the
objectives is to make the computer system more
computer system more interactive with a more
convenient to use in an efficient convenient interface for the
manner. users.

Objectives of Easy Access: To provide easy

access to users for using
Management of Resources: For

Operating Systems
managing the resources of a
resources by acting as an
computer in a better and faster
intermediary between the
way.
hardware and its users.

Controls and Monitoring: By

keeping track of who is using
which resource, granting
resource requests, and
mediating conflicting requests
from different programs and
users.
 There are several types of
Operating Systems which
are mentioned below.
Types of Operating •
•
Batch Operating System
Multi-Programming System
Systems •
•
Multi-Processing System
Multi-Tasking Operating System
• Time-Sharing Operating System
• Distributed Operating System
• Network Operating System
• Real-Time Operating System
1. Batch Operating System
This type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. There is an operator
which takes similar jobs having the same requirement and groups them into batches. It is the
responsibility of the operator to sort jobs with similar needs.
Advantages of Batch Operating System
• Multiple users can share the batch systems.
• The idle time for the batch system is very less.
• It is easy to manage large work repeatedly in batch systems.
Disadvantages of Batch Operating System
• The computer operators should be well known with batch systems.
• It is sometimes costly.
Examples of Batch Operating Systems: Payroll Systems, Bank Statements, etc.
2. Multi-Programming Operating System

Multiprogramming Operating Systems can be simply illustrated

as more than one program is present in the main memory and
any one of them can be kept in execution. This is basically used
for better execution of resources.
Advantages of Multi-Programming Operating System
• Multi Programming increases the Throughput of the
System.
• It helps in reducing the response time.
Disadvantages of Multi-Programming Operating System
• There is not any facility for user interaction of system
resources with the system.
T
3. Multi-Processing
Operating System
Multi-Processing Operating System is a type of Operating
System in which more than one CPU is used for the
execution of resources. It betters the throughput of the
System.
Advantages of Multi-Processing Operating System
• It increases the throughput of the system.
• As it has several processors, so, if one processor fails, we
can proceed with another processor.
Disadvantages of Multi-Processing Operating System
• Due to the multiple CPU, it can be more complex and
somehow difficult to understand.
4. Multi-Tasking Operating System

Multitasking Operating System is simply a multiprogramming Operating System with having

facility of a Round-Robin Scheduling Algorithm. It can run multiple programs
simultaneously.
There are two types of Multi-Tasking Systems which are listed below.
• Preemptive Multi-Tasking
• Cooperative Multi-Tasking
Advantages of Multi-Tasking Operating System
• Multiple Programs can be executed simultaneously in Multi-Tasking Operating System.
• It comes with proper memory management.
Disadvantages of Multi-Tasking Operating System
• The system gets heated in case of heavy programs multiple times.
 5. Time-Sharing
Operating Systems
• Each task is given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets the time of the
CPU as they use a single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems. The task can be
from a single user or different users also. The time that each task gets to execute is called quantum. After
this time interval is over OS switches over to the next task.
Advantages of Time-Sharing OS
• Each task gets an equal opportunity.
• Fewer chances of duplication of software.
• CPU idle time can be reduced.
Disadvantages of Time-Sharing OS
• Reliability problem.
• One must have to take care of the security and integrity of user programs and data.
• Data communication problem.
 6. Distributed Operating System

These types of operating system is a recent advancement in the world of computer

technology and are being widely accepted all over the world and, that too, at a great pace.
Various autonomous interconnected computers communicate with each other using a shared
communication network. Independent systems possess their own memory unit and CPU.
Advantages of Distributed Operating System
• Failure of one will not affect the other network communication, as all systems are
independent of each other.
• Electronic mail increases the data exchange speed.
Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System
• Failure of the main network will stop the entire communication.
• To establish distributed systems the language is used not well-defined yet.
Examples of Distributed Operating Systems are LOCUS, etc.
 7. Network Operating System

These systems run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other
networking functions. These types of operating systems allow shared access to files, printers, security, applications, and other
networking functions over a small private network. One more important aspect of Network Operating Systems is that all the users
are well aware of the underlying configuration, of all other users within the network, their individual connections, etc. and that’s
why these computers are popularly known as tightly coupled systems.

Advantages of Network Operating System

• Highly stable centralized servers.

• Security concerns are handled through servers.

Disadvantages of Network Operating System

• Servers are costly.

• User has to depend on a central location for most operations.

Examples of Network Operating Systems are Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux,
Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, BSD, etc.
8. Real-Time Operating System

• These types of OSs serve real-time systems. The time interval required to process
and respond to inputs is very small. This time interval is called response time.

• Real-time systems are used when there are time requirements that are very strict
like missile systems, air traffic control systems, robots, etc.
Types of Real-Time Operating Systems
• Hard Real-Time Systems:
Hard Real-Time OSs are meant for applications where time constraints are very
strict and even the shortest possible delay is not acceptable. These systems are
built for saving life like automatic parachutes or airbags which are required to be
readily available in case of an accident. Virtual memory is rarely found in these
systems.
• Soft Real-Time Systems:
These OSs are for applications where time-constraint is less strict.
Advantages of RTOS
Maximum Consumption: Maximum utilization of devices and systems,
thus more output from all the resources.
Task Shifting: The time assigned for shifting tasks in these systems is very
less. For example, in older systems, it takes about 10 microseconds in
shifting from one task to another, and in the latest systems, it takes 3
microseconds.
Disadvantages of RTOS
Limited Tasks: Very few tasks run at the same time and their concentration
is very less on a few applications to avoid errors.
Use heavy system resources: Sometimes the system resources are not so
good and they are expensive as well.
Examples of Real-Time Operating Systems are Scientific experiments,
medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, weapon systems,
robots, air traffic control systems, etc.
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