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Immunity

The document discusses the immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, types of immunity like active and passive, immunization, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, the aging immune system, and future research directions.

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Aśhïśh Gűpťã
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8 views

Immunity

The document discusses the immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, types of immunity like active and passive, immunization, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, the aging immune system, and future research directions.

Uploaded by

Aśhïśh Gűpťã
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Immunity

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Introduction to Immunity

• Immunity is the body's defense system against harmful pathogens.

• It consists of two main types: innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

• The immune system works to recognize and eliminate foreign invaders to


maintain health.

1
Innate Immunity

• Innate immunity is the first line of defense and is non-specific.

• It includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes.

• Innate immunity also involves immune cells such as macrophages and


natural killer cells.

2
Adaptive Immunity

• Adaptive immunity is highly specific and develops over time.

• It involves B cells producing antibodies and T cells targeting specific


pathogens.

• Adaptive immunity provides long-lasting protection through memory cells.

3
Antigens

• Antigens are molecules that can trigger an immune response.

• They are recognized by the immune system as foreign or harmful.

• The immune system produces antibodies to target antigens and neutralize


them.

4
Types of Immunity

• Active immunity is acquired through exposure to an antigen or


vaccination.

• Passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from


another source.

• Both types of immunity play crucial roles in protecting the body from
infections.

5
Immunization

• Immunization is a vital public health tool to prevent infectious diseases.

• Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce an immune response


without causing the disease.

• Vaccination programs have led to the eradication or control of many deadly


diseases.

6
Immunodeficiency

• Immunodeficiency disorders weaken the immune system's ability to fight


infections.

• Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic, while secondary


immunodeficiencies are acquired.

• Treatment for immunodeficiency may involve medications, bone marrow


transplants, or gene therapy.

7
Autoimmunity

• Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks


healthy cells and tissues.

• Examples of autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and


type 1 diabetes.

• Treatment for autoimmune diseases aims to suppress the immune response


and reduce inflammation.

8
Immune System and Aging

• The immune system undergoes changes with age, leading to decreased


immune function.

• Older adults are more susceptible to infections and have reduced responses
to vaccinations.

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and exercise, can


support immune function in aging individuals.

9
Immunity and Future Research

• Ongoing research aims to improve our understanding of immunity and


develop new treatments.

• Advancements in immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment by


harnessing the immune system to target cancer cells.

• Future directions in immunity research include personalized medicine


approaches and novel vaccine technologies.

10
References

• Abbas, A. K., Lichtman, A. H., & Pillai, S. (2014). Cellular and Molecular
Immunology (8th ed.). Elsevier.

• Janeway, C. A., Travers, P., Walport, M., & Shlomchik, M. J. (2001).


Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease (5th ed.).
Garland Science.

• Your third bullet

11

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