MGM’S

POLYTECHNI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
C GROUP MEMBERS :

1. PRATAP GAWANDE
2. AFFAN KHAN
3. JAIRAJ DHOBLE
4. SHAIKH AMMARUDDIN
5. YASH ATKARE

GUIDE: PROF. SOGARWAL

A.M
 PROJECT TITLE

RAIN WATER HARVESTING FILTER

 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION
2. OBJECTIVE
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
4. RESEARCH GAP
5. METHODOLOGY
6. RESULTS
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

• WHAT IS WATER FILTER?

• A WATER FILTER REMOVES IMPURITIES BY LOWERING CONTAMINATION OF
WATER USING A FINE PHYSICAL BARRIER, A CHEMICAL PROCESS OR A
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS.
• IT REMOVES UNWANTED IMPURITIES FROM WATER SUCH AS SEDIMENT,
TEST AND ODOUR, HARDNESS AND BACTERIA TO RESULT THE BETTER
QUALITY OF WATER.
 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

• ECONOMICAL
• ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
• POLLUTANT REMOVAL
• REDUCE MAINTENANCE
• CHEMICAL FRIENDLY
• DURABLE
 ADVANTAGES OF WATER FILTER

• THE FILTER MADE BY US IS ECONOMICAL AS COMPARE TO

ULTRATECH WATER HARVESTING FILTER.
• MAINTANANCE IS SIMPLE
• NO NEED OF SKILLED WORKMASHIP.
 DISADVANTAGES OF WATER FILTER

• SOMETIMES REVERESE OSMOSIS LEADS TO BLOCKING

OF WHOLE SYSTEM.
• IT REQUIRES ROUTINE FILTER CHANGES
• IT REQUIRES ROUTINE MAINTAINCES.
• SOMETIMES REMOVE THE HEALTHY BACTERIAS FROM THE
WATER
• IT TAKES TIME TO FILTER
 LITERATURE REVIEW
SR.NO NAME OF AUTHORE MATERIAL USED CONCLUSION
01 1. MAHA ELBANA DIFFERENT SIZE OF SAND DAILY BACKWASHING IS
2. JAUME PUIG BARGUES A GOOD MAINTENANCE
PRACTICE.
02 1. ANNA CESCON DIFFERENT SIZE OF SAND NEW TECHNOLOGY-
2. JIA-QIAN JIANG MATHEMATICAL MODULES
FOR PREDICTING THE
MEDIA FILTRATION
PERFORMANCE.

03 1. F.RAMIREZ SAND FILTER REMOVING TURBIDITY

2. DE CARTAGENA AND RECORING
DISSOLVED OXYGEN.
04 1. SHWETA CHAUHAN PLANT EXTRACTS OF THIS WORK EVALUTES
2. KC GUPTA MORINGAOLEIFERA, THE USE OF PLANT
3. JYOTI SINGH PEANUTS, URAD, WHICH ARE AN
CORN ECONOMICAL AND
ECOFRIENDLY.
 RESEARCH GAP

• WE HAVE STUDIED THE ABOVE RESEARCH PAPER

AND WE OBSERVED THAT THE AREATION PROCESS
IS NOT IN
PRACTICE.
 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
• COLLECTION OF RAW MATERIALS

1. RIVER STONE

2. COARSE AGGREGATE

3. FINE AGGREGATE
4. SAND

5. CHARCOAL
 RAW MATERIALS

1. RIVER STONE
• FUNCTTION : RIVER STONES IN A WATER FILTER ACT AS A PHYSICAL BARRIER,
TRAPPING LARGER PARTICLES AND SEDIMENT TO IMPROVE WATER QUALITY.
• PROPERTIES
PARTICLE SIZE :25MM
THICKNESS OF LAYER: 10 CM
• OBJECTIVES
2. FILTRATION
3. IMPROVED WATER
QUALITY
4. PREVENT CLOGGING
5. EXTENDED FILTER LIFE
6. COST-EFFECTIVE
SOLUTION.
 RAW MATERIAL

2. COARSE AGGREGATE
• FUNCTION: THE FUNCTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE IN A WATER FILTER IS TO
PROVIDE STRUCTURAL SUPPORT AND AID IN THE FILTRATION PROCESS.
• PROPERTIES:

PARTICLE SIZE :4.75MM TO 20MM

THICKNESS OF LAYER: 8 CM
• OBJECTIVES
3. STRUCTURAL SUPPORT
4. PREVENTING CLOGGING
5. INCREASING FILTER LIFE
6. COST-EFFECTIVE FILTRATION
SOLUTION
 RAW MATERIALS

3. FINE AGGREGATE
• FUNCTION: THE FUNCTION OF FINE AGGREGATE IN A WATER FILTER IS TO
ENHANCE FILTRATION BY TRAPPING SMALLER PARTICLES AND IMPURITIES.
• PROPERTIES

PARTICLE SIZE :4.75MM

THICKNESS OF LAYER: 5CM

• OBJECTIVES

4. REMOVAL OF SMALLER
PARTICLES AND
IMPURITIES

5. IMPROVED WATER
QUALITY
 RAW MATERIAL

4. SAND
• FUNCTION : THE FUNCTION OF SAND IN A WATER FILTER IS TO REMOVE SMALLER
PARTICLES AND IMPURITIES.
• PROPERTIES :
PARTICLE SIZE :4.75MM TO 20MM
THICKNESS OF LAYER: 4CM
• OBJECTIVES
• TRAPS AND REMOVES LARGER
PARTICLES, SEDIMENTS, AND
DEBRIS FROM THE WATER.-
• ACTS AS A PHYSICAL BARRIER TO PREVENT THE PASSAGE OF CERTAIN MICROORGANISMS
AND CONTAMINANTS.
 RAW MATERIAL

5. CHARCOAL
• FUNCTION: CHARCOAL IN A WATER FILTER HELPS TO ABSORB CHEMICALS, ODORS, AND IMPROVE TASTE.

• PROPERTIES :
PARTICLE
SIZE :
THICKNESS OF
LAYER: 4CM
• OBJECTIVES
6. CHEMICAL
ABSORPTION
7. ODOR
REMOVAL
8. TASTE
IMPROVEME
NT
 OVERVIEW

• NO OF TANKS : 3
• DIMENSION OF ALL THREE TANKS ARE SAME
DIAMETER : 25 CM
DEPTH: 50 CM
• 1ST TANK : STONE TANK
• 2ND TANK: FINE AGGREGATE TANK
• 3RD TANK : CHARCOAL TANK
• APPLICABLE FOR RAIN WATER
 STONE TANK

STONE TANK

• DIMENSION OF TANK
DIAMETER OF TANK = 25 CM
DEPTH OF TANK = 50 CM

• DEPTH OF FILTER MEDIA =

30 CM

• RATE OF FILTRATION : 45 Lit/hr

• Application : DOMESTIC USE

 STONE TANK

LAYERS IN STONE TANK

• THE 1ST LAYER IS OF PEBBLES/ RIVER STONE .
• THE 2ND LAYER IS OF COARSE AGGREGATE.
• THE 3RD LAYER IS OF FINE AGGREGATE.

MECHANISM
IN THIS TANK THE WATER IS PARCOLATED FROM EVERY LAYER AND THE WATER IS PURIFIED.

THIS TANK WORKS ON THE MECHANICSM: MECHANICAL STAINING.

FUNCTION- IN THIS TANK SUSPENDED PARTICALS AND ALL THE PHYSICAL IMPURITIES ARE REMOVED.
 FINE AGGREGATE TANK

• DIMENSION OF TANK

DIAMETER OF TANK = 25 CM
DEPTH OF TANK = 50 CM

• DEPTH OF FILTER MEDIA =

30 CM

• RATE OF FILTRATION : 45
LIT/HR

• APPLICATION : DOMESTIC
USE
 FINE AGGREGATE TANK

LAYERS IN STONE TANK

• THE 1ST LAYER IS OF PEBBLES.
• THE 2ND LAYER IS OF COARSE AGGREGATE.
• THE 3RD LAYER IS OF FINE AGGREGATE
• THE 4TH LAYER IS OF SAND

MECHANICSM

• FORMATION OF BIO-FILM:

BIO-FILM FORMATION IN WATER FILTER REFERS TO THE

DEVELOPMENT OF SLIMY LAYER COMPOSED OF MICROORGANISMS
THAT CAN ACCUMULATE ON THE FILTER MEDIA OVER TIME

FUNCTION-IN THIS TANK THE BACTERIA IS REMOVED.

 CHARCOAL TANK

• DIMENSION OF TANK
DIAMETER OF TANK = 25 CM
DEPTH OF TANK = 50 CM

• DEPTH OF FILTER MEDIA =

30 CM

• RATE OF FILTRATION : 45 Lit/hr

• Application : DOMESTIC USE

 3. CHARCOAL TANK

LAYERS IN CHARCOAL TANK

• THE 1ST LAYER IS OF PEBBLES.
• THE 2ND LAYER IS OF COARSE AGGREGATE.
• THE 3RD LAYER IS OF FINE AGGREGATE.
• THE 4TH LAYER IS OF SAND.
• THE 5TH LAYER IS OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL.
MECHANICSM
CHARCOAL IN A WATER FILTER ACTS AS A FILTERING MEDIUM BY ADSORBING IMPURITIES AND CONTAMINANTS, SUCH AS
CHLORINE, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, AND ODORS, FROM THE WATER, RESULTING IN CLEANER AND BETTER-TASTING
WATER.
FUNCTION- THE FUNCTION OF THIS TANK IS TO REMOVE CHEMICAL IMPURITIES.
OVERVIEW OF PROJECT
 PHYSICAL TEST

• PHYSICAL TEST
• 1.TURBIDITY TEST
• 2.TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
 1. TURBIDITY TEST

1.TURBIDITY

TURBIDITY IS THE CLOUDINESS OR HAZINESS OF WATER CAUSED BY SUSPENDED PARTICLES.

APPARATUS USED TO MEASURE TURBIDITY : DIGITAL TURBIDITY METER.

LIMIT FOR TURBIDITY ACCORDING TO DRINKING WATER CODE : IS 10500 2012

ACCEPTABLE LIMIT : 1 NTU ( NEPHLOMETRIC TURBIDITY UNIT) OR 1 MG/LIT.

PERMISEABLE LIMIT : 5 NTU (NEPHLOMETRIC TURBIDITY UNIT) OR 5 MG/LIT.

 2. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TEST

2. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS) REFERS TO THE COMBINED CONCENTRATION OF ALL DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES,
SUCH AS MINERALS, SALTS, METALS, AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, PRESENT IN A LIQUID. IT IS TYPICALLY
MEASURED IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER (MG/L) OR PARTS PER MILLION (PPM).

APPARATUS USE TO MEASURE (TDS): TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS METER

LIMIT FOR TDS ACCORDING TO DRINKING WATER CODE : IS 10500 2012

ACCEPTABLE LIMIT : 500 MG/LIT .

PERMISEABLE LIMIT :2000

MG/LIT .
 CHEMICAL TEST

• CHEMICAL TEST
1. PH VALUE TEST
2. HARDNESS TEST
3. ALKALINITY TEST
 1.PH TEST

1.PH ( POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN)

PH IS A MEASURE OF HOW ACIDIC OR BASIC A SUBSTANCE IS. IT IS A SCALE FROM 0 TO 14, WHERE 0 IS
HIGHLY ACIDIC, 7 IS NEUTRAL, AND 14 IS HIGHLY BASIC. IT INDICATES THE CONCENTRATION OF
HYDROGEN IONS IN A SOLUTION.

APPARATUS USED: DIGITAL PH METER

LIMIT FOR PH ACCORDING TO DRINKING WATER CODE : IS 10500 2012

ACCEPTABLE LIMIT : 6.5 TO 8.5

PERMISEABLE LIMIT : 6.5 TO 8.5.

 2. HARDNESS TEST

2. HARDNESS
HARDNESS OF WATER REFERS TO THE CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS, PRIMARILY CALCIUM AND
MAGNESIUM, IN THE WATER. IT IS MEASURED IN TERMS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE EQUIVALENTS (MG/L OR
PPM). HARD WATER CAN CAUSE SCALING IN PIPES, REDUCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOAPS AND
DETERGENTS, AND LEAVE MINERAL DEPOSITS ON FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES.

APPARATUS USED: WATER HARDNESS TEST KIT

LIMIT FOR HARDNESS ACCORDING TO DRINKING WATER CODE : IS 10500 2012

ACCEPTABLE LIMIT : 200 MG/LIT .

PERMISEABLE LIMIT :600 MG/LIT .

 3. ALKALINITY

3. ALKALINITY
ALKALINITY OF WATER REFERS TO ITS ABILITY TO RESIST CHANGES IN PH WHEN AN ACID IS ADDED. IT IS
PRIMARILY DETERMINED BY THE CONCENTRATION OF BICARBONATE, CARBONATE, AND HYDROXIDE IONS
IN THE WATER. HIGHER ALKALINITY LEVELS CAN HELP BUFFER AGAINST PH FLUCTUATIONS AND
MAINTAIN STABILITY IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS.

•IT CAN BE DETERMINED BY USING SULFURIC ACID WITH A DIGITAL

TITRATOR LIMIT FOR HARDNESS ACCORDING TO DRINKING WATER CODE : IS

10500 2012 ACCEPTABLE LIMIT : 200 MG/LIT .

PERMISEABLE LIMIT :600 MG/LIT .

 BIOLOGICAL TEST

• BIOLOGICAL TEST
• 1.BOD TEST
• 2.COD TEST
• 3.E-COLI TEST
 1.BOD TEST

1. BOD
BOD STANDS FOR BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND. IT IS A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF
OXYGEN THAT MICROORGANISMS NEED TO BREAK DOWN ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER. IT IS
OFTEN USED AS AN INDICATOR OF WATER QUALITY AND THE LEVEL OF ORGANIC POLLUTION
IN A BODY OF WATER.
APPARATUS USED: BOD INCUBATOR, 3 BOD BOTTLE - 300ML
LIMIT FOR BOD ACCORDING TO DRINKING WATER CODE : IS 10500 2012
ACCEPTABLE LIMIT :
PERMISEABLE LIMIT :
 2. COD

2. COD
COD STANDS FOR CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND. SIMILAR TO BOD, COD IS A MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF
OXYGEN REQUIRED TO CHEMICALLY OXIDIZE ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER. IT
PROVIDES AN INDICATION OF THE OVERALL ORGANIC LOAD AND POLLUTION LEVEL IN WATER. COD IS
OFTEN USED IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING TO ASSESS WATER
QUALITY.
 3. E- COLI

3. E- COLI
E. COLI STANDS FOR ESCHERICHIA COLI. E- COLI IS A TYPE OF BACTERIA THAT CAN
CAUSE ILLNESS WHEN PRESENT IN FOOD OR WATER. IT'S COMMONLY FOUND IN THE
INTESTINES OF HUMANS AND ANIMALS. PROPER HYGIENE AND FOOD SAFETY
PRACTICES ARE IMPORTANT TO PREVENT E. COLI INFECTIONS.
 RESULT OF PHYSICAL TEST

Sr.no Name of Acceptable limit Permiseable Lab test result

test / as per IS10500 – limit as per
parameter 2012 IS10500 – 2012
drinking water drinking
code in ppm water code in
ppm
1 Turbidity (NTU) 1 NTU 5 NTU 2 NTU

2 Taste Agreeable (1 TON) Agreeable (3 TON) 1.5 TON

3 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4 Colour 5 (Hazen unit) 15 (Hazen unit) 4.5 (Hazen unit)

 PHYSICAL TEST RESULTS

Sr.no Name of Acceptable limit Permiseable Lab test result

test / as per IS10500 – limit as per
parameter 2012 IS10500 – 2012
drinking water drinking
code in ppm water code in
ppm
5 Temperature 15 to 25 15 to 25 20 Degree Celsius
degree Celsius degree Celsius
6 Total Dissolved 500 2000 250
Solids
7 Electrical 800 1400 360
Conductivity (micro
mho per cm)
 CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS

Sr.no Name of Acceptable limit Permesiable Lab test result

test / as per IS10500 – limit as per
parameter 2012 IS10500 – 2012
drinking water drinking
code in ppm water code in
ppm
8 Chloride Content 250 1000 110
9 pH 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation 6.9
10 Flouride 1 (mg/l) 5 (mg/l) 1
11 Dissolved Oxygen 6-7 ppm 5 ppm 6.1 ppm
12 Total Hardness (mg 200 ppm 600 ppm 310
per litre
13 Free Residual 0.2 1 0.00
Chlorine (mg
per litre)
 CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS

Sr. No Name of Acceptable limit Permiseable Lab test result

test / as per IS10500 – limit as per
parameter 2012 IS10500 – 2012
drinking water drinking
code in ppm water code in
ppm
15 Magnesium as Mg+ 30 100 80
+ (mg per litre)
16 Alkalinity 200 600 55
 CONCLUSION

Naturally available adsorbents further enhance the

pollutant removal and help us to achieve the sustainability
that we have been trying to achieve since so many years.
These techniques help in getting rid of the water born
diseases which is the major thread.
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THANK
YOU
AND HAVE A NICE
DAY….