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Chapter 13 Exceptional Handling

The document discusses different types of errors in programming like syntax errors, semantic errors, type errors, runtime errors and logical errors. It then explains exceptions as errors detected during program execution and how to handle exceptions using try and except blocks in Python. It also discusses the raise statement to manually raise exceptions and some common built-in exceptions like IOError, ImportError, ValueError etc.

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41 views

Chapter 13 Exceptional Handling

The document discusses different types of errors in programming like syntax errors, semantic errors, type errors, runtime errors and logical errors. It then explains exceptions as errors detected during program execution and how to handle exceptions using try and except blocks in Python. It also discusses the raise statement to manually raise exceptions and some common built-in exceptions like IOError, ImportError, ValueError etc.

Uploaded by

sumeshsrinivasan61
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 13

EXCEPTIONAL HANDLING
XI
Computer Science (083)
Board : CBSE
Unit 2:
Computational Thinking and Programming
Courtesy CBSE
Unit II
Computational Thinking and Programming

(60 Theory periods 45 Practical Periods)


Prepared by
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg, PGDCA,ADCA,MCA.MSc(IT),Mtech(IT),MPhil (Comp. Sci)

Department of Computer Science, Sainik School Amaravathinagar

Cell No: 9431453730 Courtesy CBSE


CHAPTER 13
EXCEPTIONAL HANDLING
ERRORS

Error is a abnormal condition


whenever it occurs execution of the
program is stopped.

An error is a term used to describe


any issue that arises unexpectedly that
cause a computer to not function properly.
Computers can encounter either
software errors or hardware errors.
ERRORS

Errors are mainly classified into following types.


•
1. Syntax Errors

2. Semantic Errors

3. Type of Errors

4. Run Time Errors.

5. Logical Errors.
1. Syntax Errors

Syntax errors refer to formal


rules governing the construction of valid
statements in a language.

Syntax errors occur when rules


of a programming language are misused
i.e., when a grammatical rule of the
language is violated.
1. Syntax Errors

For instance in the following


program segment,
def main() : (Colon) Missing
a=10
b=3
print(“ Sum is “,a+b

) Missing
2. Semantic Errors

Semantics error occur when statements


are not meaningful
Semantics refers to the set of rules
which give the meaning of the
statement.
For example,
Rama plays Guitar
This statement is
syntactically and semantically correct
and it has some meaning.
2. Semantic Errors

See the following statement,


Guitar plays Rama
is syntactically correct (syntax is correct) but
semantically incorrect. Similarly, there are
semantics rules of programming language,
violation of which results in semantical
errors.
X*Y=Z
will result in semantical error as an
expression can not come on the left side of
an assignment statement.
3. Type of Errors

Data in Pythpn has an associated data


type. The value 7, for instance, is an
integer and ‘a’ is a character constant
“Hi” is a string. If a function is given
wrong type of data, then Type Error is
assigned by compiler
For Example :
>>a=“Hi”;
>>a**2
This will result in type error.
3. Type of Errors
4. Run Time Errors.

A Run time error is that occurs during


execution of the program. It is caused
because of some illegal operation taking
place.
For example
1. If a program is trying to open a file which
does not exists or it could not be
opened(meaning file is corrupted), results
into an execution error.
2. An expression is trying to divide a number
by zero are RUN TIME ERRORS.
5. Logical Errors.

• A Logical Error is that error which is


causes a program to produce incorrect
or undesired output.
for instance,
ctr=1;
while(ctr>10)
print(n *ctr)
ctr=ctr+1;
Exceptions
Exceptions

What is an exception?

Even if a statement or expression is


syntactically correct, it may cause an error
when an attempt is made to execute it.
Errors detected during execution are
called exceptions
Exceptions

For Example
Handling Exceptions
Handling Exceptions

It is possible to write programs that


handle selected exceptions. Look at the
following example, which asks the user for
input until a valid integer has been
entered, but allows the user to interrupt
the program (using Control-C or whatever
the operating system supports); note that
a user-generated interruption is signalled
by raising the KeyboardInterrupt
exception.
Handling Exceptions

For Example
Handling Exceptions

The try statement works as follows.

First, the try clause (the statement(s)


between the try and except keywords) is
executed.

If no exception occurs, the except clause is


skipped and execution of the try statement
is finished.
Handling Exceptions

The try statement works as follows.

If an exception occurs during execution of


the try clause, the rest of the clause is
skipped. Then if its type matches the
exception named after the except keyword,
the except clause is executed, and then
execution continues after the try statement.
Handling Exceptions

The try statement works as follows.

If an exception occurs which does not


match the exception named in the except
clause, it is passed on to outer try
statements; if no handler is found, it is an
unhandled exception and execution stops
with a message as shown above.
The except Clause with No Exceptions
The except Clause with No Exceptions
You can also use the except
statement with no exceptions defined as
follows:
try:
You do your operations here;
except:
If there is any exception, then
execute this block…..
else:
If there is no exception then execute
this block. Contd..
The except Clause with No Exceptions

This kind of a try-except statement


catches all the exceptions that occur. Using
this kind of try-except statement is not
considered a good programming practice
though, because it catches all exceptions
but does not make the programmer
identify the root cause of the problem that
may occur.
Example
Example
raise statement
raise statement

You can raise an exception in your own


program by using the raise exception.

Raising an exception breaks current


code execution and returns the exception
back until it is handled.
Syntax:

raise [expression1[, expression2]]


raise Example
raise Example
Some common exceptions
Some common exceptions

IOError
If the file cannot be opened.

ImportError
If python cannot find the module.

ValueError
Raised when a built-in operation or function
receives an argument that has the right type but
an inappropriate value.
Some common exceptions

KeyboardInterrupt
Raised when the user hits the interrupt key
(normally Control-C or Delete).

EOFError
Raised when one of the built-in functions (input()
or raw_input()) hits an end-of-file condition (EOF)
without reading any data
CLASS TEST
CLASS TEST

Time: 40 Min Max Marks: 20

1. Explain the types of errors


05
2. What is an exception? Explain in detail 05

3. What is raise? explain in detail 05

4. Explain some of the common built in


exceptions provided in python 05
Thank You

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