KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

1
 What is an indicator?

• A tool used to evaluate the performance of

the education system

• A tool used to report the status of the

education system to the community, to the
whole country and to the global community
 What are the functions of an indicator?

• Measures how far or how close one is from an

objective
• Identifies problematic or unacceptable
situations
• Meets policy concerns
• Compares its value to a reference value, to a
standard or to itself
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)
• Indicates the capacity of the school system to
prepare children to the different levels of
education system: Kindergarten, Grades 1-6,
Grades 7-10 & Grades 11-12
• The total enrolment for a particular education
level, regardless of age, expressed as a
percentage of the eligible official school-age
population of that particular education level in
a given school-year
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)
• If the rate approaches 100% or surpassing
100%, the ratio indicates that the school
system is able to accommodate all children in
the official age-group.
• The GER can also be used together with the
NER to measure the extent of over-aged and
under-aged enrolment.
• High percentage indicates high degree of
access to a level of education.
• Should cover both public and private schools
 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER)
Level Formula Where

Kindergarten Total Enrolment Kinder, SY N Total Enrolment Kinder, SY N = Enrolment in Kinder (All ages)
--------------------------------- x 100
Population Age 5, SY N Population Age 5, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Elementary Total Enrolment Grades 1-6, SY N Total Enrolment Grades 1-6, SY N = Enrolment in Grades 1-6 (All ages)
(Grades 1-6) ------------------------------------- x 100
Population Age 6-11, SY N Population Age 6-11, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Junior HS Total Enrolment Grades 7-10, SY N Total Enrolment Grades 7-10, SY N = Enrolment in Grades 7-10
(Grades 7-10) -------------------------------------- x 100 (All ages)
Population Age 12-15, SY N
Population Age 12-15, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Senior HS Total Enrolment Grades 11-12, SY N Total Enrolment Grades 11-12, SY N = Enrolment in Grades 11-12
(Grades 11-12) -------------------------------------- x 100 (All ages)
Population Age 16-17, SY N
Population Age 16-17, SY N = Projected population from PSA
• Total number of children of official elementary school age: 200
• Number of children enrolled in elementary school: 160
• Using the formula:

• GER = (Enrolled students / Total number of children of official school age)

* 100

• GER = (160 / 200) * 100

• GER = 0.8 * 100

• GER = 80%
 Net Enrolment Rate (NER)

– Provides a more precise measurement of the

extent of participation in a particular level of
education of children belonging to the official
primary school age.
• The enrolment in a particular education level
of the official school age-group expressed as a
percentage of the corresponding population.
 Net Enrolment Rate (NER)
• Maximum value is 100%.
• High rate denotes high degree of participation
in a level of education of the school age-group.
• If below 100%, the percentage difference
should not be considered as the proportion of
children not enrolled.
• The age-specific enrolment ratio is a more
precise complementary indicator, i.e, the level
of participation in education of the population
at each particular age.
 Net Enrolment Rate (NER)
Level Formula Where

Kindergarten Enrolment Kinder (Age5), SY N Enrolment Kinder (Age5), SY N = Enrolment in Kinder (Age 5)
--------------------------------- x 100
Population Age 5, SY N Population Age 5, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Elementary Enrolment Grades 1-6 (Ages6-11), SY N Enrolment Grades 1-6 (Ages6-11), SY N = Enrolment in Grades 1-6 (Ages
(Grades 1-6) --------------------------------------- x 100 6-11)
Population Age 6-11, SY N
Population Age 6-11, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Junior HS Enrolment Grades 7-10 (Ages12-15), SY N Enrolment Grades 7-10 (Ages12-15), SY N = Enrolment in Grades 7-10
(Grades 7-10) ------------------------------------------ x 100 (Ages 12-15)
Population Age 12-15, SY N
Population Age 12-15, SY N = Projected population from PSA

Senior HS Enrolment Grades 11-12 (Ages16-17), SY N Enrolment Grades 11-12 (Ages16-17), SY N = Enrolment in Grades 11-12
(Grades 11-12) ------------------------------------------ x 100 (Ages 16-17)
Population Age 16-17, SY N
Population Age 16-17, SY N = Projected population from PSA
• Total number of children of official primary school age: 1,000
• Number of children enrolled in primary school: 800
• Number of overage children enrolled in primary school: 50
• Number of underage children enrolled in primary school: 20
• Using the formula:

• NER = ((Enrolled students - Overage students - Underage students) / Total number of children
of official school age) * 100

• NER = ((800 - 50 - 20) / 1,000) * 100

• NER = (730 / 1,000) * 100

• NER = 0.73 * 100

• NER = 73%
 Apparent/Gross Intake Rate (GIR)

• Reflects the general level of access to

elementary education
• Indicates the capacity of the education system
to provide access to Kindergarten for the
official school-entrance age population
• High percentage indicates high degree of
access to elementary education
• Includes over-aged and under-aged pupils in
new entrants to Kindergarten.
 Apparent/Gross Intake Rate (GIR)
Formula Where

New Entrants Kinder, SY N New Entrants Kinder, SY N = Total Kinder Enrolment – Total Kinder
------------------------------ x 100 Repeaters
Population Age 5, SY N
Population Age 5, SY N = Projected Population of PSA
 Net Intake Rate (NIR)
• Includes only those new entrants to
Kindergarten pupils who are of official school-
entrance age
• More precise measurement of access to
elementary education of the eligible,
elementary school-entrance age population
than does the AIR
• High rate means high degree of access to
elementary education for the official school-
entrance age.
• Should not exceed 100%
 Net Intake Rate (NIR)
Formula Where

New Entrants Kinder (Age 5), SY N New Entrants Kinder (Age 5), SY N = Kinder Enrolment Age 5 – Kinder
----------------------------------- x 100 Repeaters Age 5
Population Age 5, SY N
Population Age 5, SY N = Projected Population of PSA
 Promotion/Graduation Rate

• The Promotion Rate assesses the extent of

pupils/students who are promoted to the next
grade level.
• The grade 6/12 promotion rate is the graduation
rate for the elementary/secondary level.
 Promotion/Graduation Rate
Level Formula Where

Elementary Promotees Gr X, SY N Promotees Gr X, SY N = EOSY Promotees

(Grades 1-5)/ -------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N Enrolment Gr X, SY N = BOSY Enrolment
Secondary
(Grades 7-11)

Elementary Graduates Gr X, SY N Graduates Gr X, SY N = EOSY Promotees

(Grades 6)/ -------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N Enrolment Gr X, SY N = BOSY Enrolment
Secondary
(Grades 12)
 Repetition Rate

• Determines the magnitude of

pupils/students who repeat a grade
level.
• A high repetition rate implies high
wastage
 Repetition Rate
Level Formula Where

Elementary Repeaters Gr X, SY N Repeaters Gr X, SY N = Repeaters Current SY

(Grades 1-6)/ --------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Previous SY
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)
 School Leaver Rate

• Also known as dropout rate.

• It covers both pupils/students who do not finish
a particular grade level as well as those who
finish but fail to enroll in the next grade level the
following school year.
 School Leaver Rate
Level Formula

Elementary (Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 - Repeaters Gr X, SY N) - (Enrolment Gr X+1, SY N - Repeaters Gr X+1, SY N)

(Grades 1-6)/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)
Where:
Enrolment Gr X, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Previous SY
Enrolment Gr X+1, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Current SY
Repeaters Gr X, SY N = Repeaters Current SY
Repeaters Gr X+1, SY N

Or Using Reconstructed Method:

1 - Promotion Rate - Repetition Rate

 Survival Rate to Grade 6/12

• The Cohort Survival Rate (CSR) computes the

percentage of a cohort of pupils/students who
are able to reach Grade 6/12.
• Used to assess the internal efficiency and
“wastage” in education.
• Two methods in deriving the CSR: the old and the
reconstructed cohort method
 Survival Rate to Grade 6/12
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 6, SY N Enrolment Gr 6, SY N = Beginning of School Year (BOSY) Grade 6 Enrol

(Grade 6) --------------------------- x 100 ment Current SY
Enrolment Gr 1, SY N-5
Enrolment Gr 1, SY N-5 = BOSY Grade 1 Enrolment 5 years ago

Secondary Enrolment Gr 12, SY N Enrolment Gr 12, SY N = BOSY Grade 12 Enrolment Current SY

(Grade 12) ---------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 7, SY N-5 Enrolment Gr 7, SY N-5 = BOSY Grade 7 Enrolment 5 years ago
 Simple Dropout Rate

• Calculates the percentage of

pupils/students who do not finish
a particular grade level.
• Does not capture pupils/students
who finish a grade level but do
not enroll in the next grade level
the following school year.
 Simple Dropout Rate
Level Formula Where

Elementary Dropouts Gr X, SY N Dropouts Gr X, SY N = EOSY Dropouts Current SY

(Grades 1-6)/ -------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr X, SY N Enrolment Gr X, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Current SY
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)
 Transition Rate
• Assesses the extent by which pupils are able to
move to the next higher level of education (i.e.
primary to intermediate and elementary to
secondary).
• Indicates the degree of access to the next higher
level, measuring the upward mobility in the
educational hierarchy
• High transition rates indicate high access or
transition from one level of education to the
next.
 Transition Rate
Level Formula Where

Elementary to New Entrants Gr.7, SY N New Entrants Gr.7, SY N = Enrolment – Repeaters (Current SY)
Junior HS ------------------------------ x 100
(Grade 6 to 7) Enrolment Gr 6, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 6, SY N-1 = Enrolment (Previous SY)

Junior HS to New Entrants Gr.11, SY N New Entrants Gr.11, SY N = Enrolment – Repeaters (Current SY)
Senior HS ------------------------------ x 100
(Grade 10 to 11) Enrolment Gr 10, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 10, SY N-1 = Enrolment (Previous SY)
 Retention Rate

• Determines the degree of

pupils/students in a particular school
year who continue to be in school in
the succeeding year.
 Retention Rate
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 2-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 2-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 2-6, Current SY
(Grades 1-6) ---------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 1-5, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 1-5, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-5, Previous SY

Secondary Enrolment Gr 8-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 8-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 8-12, Current SY
(Grades 7-12) ---------------------------- x 100
Enrolment Gr 7-11, SY N-1 Enrolment Gr 7-11, SY N-1 = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-11, Previous SY
 Pupil-Teacher Ratio
• Average number of pupils/students per teacher at a
specific level of education in a given school-year.
• A high teacher pupil-ratio suggests that each teacher has
to be responsible for a large number of pupils.
• A low number of pupils per teacher indicate pupils will
have a better chance of contact with the teachers and
hence a better teaching-learning process.
 Pupil-Teacher Ratio
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-6

(Grades 1-6) --------------------------- x 100
Teachers Gr 1-6, SY N Teachers Gr 1-6, SY N = Teachers Grades 1-6

Junior HS Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-10

(Grades 7-10) ---------------------------- x 100
Teachers Gr 7-10, SY N Teachers Gr 7-10, SY N = Teachers Grades 7-10

Senior HS Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 11-12

(Grades 11-12) ---------------------------- x 100
Teachers Gr 11-12, SY N Teachers Gr 11-12, SY N = Teachers Grades 11-12
 Pupil-Classroom Ratio
• Refers to the average number of learners per
classroom in the elementary or secondary
education in a given school-year.
 Pupil-Classroom Ratio
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-6

(Grades 1-6) --------------------------- x 100
Classroom Gr 1-6, SY N Classroom Gr 1-6, SY N = Instructional Rooms for Grades 1-6

Junior HS Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-10

(Grades 7-10) ---------------------------- x 100
Classroom Gr 7-10, SY N Classroom Gr 7-10, SY N = Instructional Rooms for Grades 7-10

Senior HS Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 11-12

(Grades 11-12) ---------------------------- x 100
Classroom Gr 11-12, SY N Classroom Gr 11-12, SY N = Instructional Rooms for Grades 11-12
 Pupil-Seat Ratio
• The average number of learners per seat
(armchair/desk) in the elementary or secondary
education in a given school-year
 Pupil-Seat Ratio
Level Formula Where

Elementary Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N Enrolment Gr 1-6, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 1-6

(Grades 1-6) --------------------------- x 100
Seats Gr 1-6, SY N Seats Gr 1-6, SY N = Seats (1-armchair; 2-desk) for Grades 1-6

Junior HS Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N Enrolment Gr 7-10, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 7-10

(Grades 7-10) ---------------------------- x 100
Seats Gr 7-10, SY N Seats Gr 7-10, SY N = Seats (1-armchair; 2-desk) for Grades 7-10

Senior HS Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N Enrolment Gr 11-12, SY N = BOSY Enrolment Grades 11-12

(Grades 11-12) --------------------------- x 100
Seats Gr 11-12, SY N Seats Gr 11-12, SY N = Seats (1-armchair; 2-desk) for Grades 11-12
 Gender Parity Index (GPI)

• Calculated as the ratio of the selected indicator

value for girls divided by the indicator value for
boys.
• A value of less than one indicates a difference in
favor of boys; a value above one indicates a
difference in favor of girls.
• A value close to 1 (one) indicates gender parity.
For gender parity to GPI should be in the range of
0.97and 1.03.
 Gender Parity Index (GPI)
Level Formula Where

Elementary Female Female = Value of Indicator for Girls (Female)

(Grades 1-6)/ ----------- Male = Value of Indicator for Boys (Male)
Male
Secondary
(Grades 7-12)
 School Level Indicators

• Repetition rate
• Simple dropout rate
• Promotion/Graduation rate
• Ratios (PTR, PCR, PSR)
• GPIs

Note: The rest of the indicators are computable

at division, region and national levels only.
 COMPARISON OF
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
 COMPARISON OF GER & NER
KINDERGARTEN
120.00%
110.93%
106.97%
100.00%
91.94%
87.73%
79.69%
80.00%
66.74%
60.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
GER Kinder NER Kinder

2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020

 Comparison of GER & NER
Elementary (Grades 1 to 6)
115.00%

110.00%
109.22%

105.00% 105.96%
103.36%
100.00%

95.00%
96.78% 96.10%
95.75%

90.00%

85.00%
GER Elem NER Elem
2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020
 Comparison of GER & NER
Junior High School
120.00%

100.00%
106.34%
101.50%
92.11%
80.00%
81.01% 83.45%

70.64%
60.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
GER JHS NER JHS

2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020