Curriculum: An Overview

Process and Substance

of Curriculum Reform
Christian D. Quitoriano
Presenter
 DEFINITION OF
Curriculum TERM
Curriculum Reform
Process of Curriculum Reform:
Substance of Curriculum Reform:
Four Actions that Facilitate Curriculum Improvement
Establish Suitable Climate and Working Conditions
- Attitudes of Participants
- Quantity and Quality of Personnel
- Availability of Physical Resources and Materials
Achieve and Maintain Appropriate Tempo
- Specific Problems of Tempo
 Select among a Variety of Activities
 Build Evaluation Procedures into each Project
Summary
Curriculum reform is a complex and ongoing
process that involves reviewing, revising, and
updating the content, structure, and delivery of
educational programs. The aim is to improve the
overall quality of education, address emerging
challenges, and align with the needs of students,
society, and the workforce. Here's an overview of
the process and substance of curriculum reform:
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/engaging-the-community-in-curriculum-reforms-for-more-engaged-learners/
6473
 Process of Curriculum
Reform:
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zongyi-Deng/publication/
285986620_Curriculum_making_in_the_new_curriculum_reform_Structure_process_and_meaning/links/
573c04b608ae9ace840eb2a2/Curriculum-making-in-the-new-curriculum-reform-Structure-process-and-
meaning.pdf
1. Needs Assessment:

- Identify and analyze the needs of students, society,

and the economy.
- Consider feedback from various stakeholders,
including teachers, parents, employers, and
policymakers.
2. Review of Existing Curriculum:

- Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of

the current curriculum.
- Assess its relevance, effectiveness, and
alignment with educational goals.
3. Defining Educational Goals and Objectives:

- Clearly articulate the desired outcomes of

education.
- Define specific goals and measurable objectives that
guide curriculum development.
4. Incorporating Pedagogical Innovations:

- Integrate modern teaching and learning

methods.
- Explore the use of technology, project-based
learning, and other innovative approaches .
5. Alignment with Standards:

 - Ensure that the curriculum aligns with

national or regional educational
standards.
- Incorporate best practices and research-
based methodologies.
6. Stakeholder Involvement:

 - Engage teachers, parents, students, and

community members in the reform process.
 - Foster collaboration and gather diverse
perspectives to make informed decisions.
7. Professional Development:

 - Provide training and support for teachers to

implement the new curriculum effectively.
 - Address any gaps in skills or knowledge required
for successful implementation.
8. Continuous Evaluation and Adaptation:

- Establish a system for continuous

evaluation and improvement.
- Adapt the curriculum based on ongoing
feedback, changing needs, and educational
research.
Substance of Curriculum
Reform:

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/curriculum-substance-education-glynis-frater
1. Relevance to Real-World Needs:

- Align curriculum content with the skills and

knowledge required in the real world.
- Address contemporary challenges and
changes in technology, society, and the
economy.
2. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving:

- Emphasize the development of critical

thinking and problem-solving skills.
- Encourage students to analyze information,
draw conclusions, and apply knowledge.
3. Inclusion and Diversity:

- Ensure that the curriculum is inclusive and

reflects the diversity of students and society.
- Incorporate diverse perspectives, cultures, and
histories.
4. Life Skills and Character Education:

- Integrate life skills, such as communication,

collaboration, and emotional intelligence.
- Promote character education to instill values
like empathy, integrity, and responsibility.
5. Technology Integration:

- Incorporate technology as a tool for learning

and skill development.
- Prepare students for the digital age and
emerging technological trends.
6. Assessment Strategies:

- Develop effective assessment methods that

align with the curriculum goals.
- Move towards a balanced assessment approach
that includes formative and summative
assessments.
7. Flexibility and Adaptability:

- Design a flexible curriculum that can adapt to

evolving needs and circumstances.
- Allow for personalized learning paths to
accommodate diverse student needs.
 Four Actions that Facilitate
Curriculum Improvement

Four actions seem to have special effect in

facilitating curriculum improvement. Stated in
imperative form, they are:
1. Change the climate and the working conditions in
your institution to encourage curriculum
improvement.
2. Achieve and maintain appropriate tempo in
curriculum improvement.
3. Arrange for a variety of activities that lead to
improvement.
4. Build evaluation procedures into each
curriculum improvement project.
 Establish Suitable Climate
and
Working Conditions

Climate and working conditions, like employee

morale, result from many little actions and influences.
 ATTITUDES OF
PARTICIPANTS
1 attitudes of participating personal seem to be
ST

especially helpful in planning curriculum

improvement.
2ND attitudes encourages acceptance of the
contributions of many kinds of people to improving
the curriculum.

3RD attitudes expresses willingness to permit other

persons to work on problems they themselves identify
as worthy of attention.
4TH attitude consists of open mindedness about
new educational decisions and practices.

5TH attitude is one of willingness to work with

others to achieve common ends through
commonly agreed upon means.
 Quantity and Quality of Personnel
A stimulating, friendly climate and helpful working
conditions are aided by the presence of able personal
in sufficient numbers to accomplish worth while tasks.
- The very best available persons should be utilized to
discharge each major responsibility .
- The role of the school in the total community should be
examined at intervals.
- Special teacher should be assigned in different, more helpful
ways.
 Availability of Physical
Resources and Materials

Studies of working conditions in schools have

revealed that teachers feel satisfaction in having
varieties of usable instructional materials at
hand and in understanding how to use them.
Achieve and Maintain Appropriate Tempo
A second major action that facilitates
curriculum improvement is achieving and
maintaining appropriate tempo. Curriculum
workers are soon compelled to learn that the
timing of curriculum improvement activities is
vital.
 Specific Problems of Tempo

Practitioners of curriculum planning often

encounter problems that affect the tempo of their
work.
SELECT AMONG A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES
A third major action that assist the process of
curriculum improvement is to select among a
variety of activities directed toward
improvement.
Following are some of the available activities
under their appropriate headings:

Group Activities

Committees Conferences
Study groups Work conference
Workshops Seminars
 Contact with Individuals
Interviewing and counselling Individuals
Observation of individual
Assistance to the teacher in his
or her classroom
Demonstration teaching by
individual teachers or
supervisors

Inservice advisement of
individual teachers directed
reading
Literary and mechanical media

Written bulletins
Research reports
Policy statement
Course guidelines
Computer printouts
 Bulletin boards
Tape recordings of meetings
and decisions
Educational television
 Build Evaluation Procedures into each
Project

A fourth major action to help the process of

curriculum improvement is building into
each project from its very inception,
procedures for evaluating the effects of the
project.
 The relationship among parts of
a curriculum project:
Objectives Evaluation

Activities
What is your reaction or
realization about
Process and Substance of
Curriculum Reform ?