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6 views13 pages

Se Cse

Uploaded by

Pratik Shewale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School Name :Computer Science & Engineering

Name of the Student: Pratik Sanjay Shewale


PRN of the Student:
Course Name and Code: Degital Design And Computer
Organization
Name of the Topic: Memory Hierarchy
1
What Is The Memory?
Computer memory is any physical device capable of
storing information temporarily, like RAM (random
access memory), or permanently, like ROM (read-only
memory). Memory devices utilize integrated circuits and
are used by operating systems, software, and hardware

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Memory Hierarchy
Computer Memory Hierarchy is a pyramid structure. A
memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data
and instructions
The memory unit is an essential component in any digital
computer since it is needed for storing programs and data.
 The memory unit that directly communicate with CPU is
called the main memory.
 Devices that provide backup storage are called auxiliary
memory.
 A special very-high-speed memory called cache is used to
increase the speed of processing.
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Diagram Of Memory Hierarchy

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Auxiliary Memory
Auxiliary memory is also called secondary memory.
 Auxiliary memory Is a device which provide backup
storage.
 It is slower than the main memory.
The contents of secondary memories are first transferred
to the main memory, and then the CPU can access it.
For Example:- Magnetic tap, Disk, cd-rom etc.

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Magnetic Tape
 Used for backup, and storage of less frequentlyused
information.
 If the tape is damaged, the data is lost.
Typically stores from 20 GB to 200 GB.
Magnetic tapes are less expensive.
 Magnetic tape allows fast sequential accessing butis
slower in random accessing.

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Magnetic Tap
magnetic disk is used as a secondary storage in modern
computers.
The magnetic disk is fast in accessing data sequentially or
randomly.
 Magnetic disk can be updated.
 storage capacity of the magnetic disk if from several
hundred GB to Tera bytes.
Magnetic disk is more expensive.

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Primary Memory (Main Memory)
Primary memory holds only those data and instructions
on which the computer is currently working.
 It has a limited capacity and data is lost when power is
switched off.
The data and instruction required to be processed resides
in the main memory.
 It is the working memory of the compute. A computer
cannot run without the primary memory.

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RAM
 RAM is stands for Random Access Memory.
 RAM is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data,
program, and program result.
 It is a read/write memory which stores data until the
machine is working.
 RAM can be accessed randomly but it is very expensive.
 RAM is volatile, i.e. data stored in it is lost whenwe
switch off the computer.
 Types of RAM - DRAM, SRAM.

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ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory.
we can only read but cannot write on it.
It is non-volatile memory.Data in ROM can not be
modified.
ROM is comparatively smaller than RAM.
Types of ROM are PROM, EPROM, EEPROM.

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Cache Memory
Cache memory is also called Temporary Memory.
 Cache memory id in small size, type of volatilememory
that provide high speed data access to a processor.
 It stores frequently used computer programs application
and data.
It stores and retrieve the data only until acomputer is
powered on.

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Register Memory
Register memory is the smallest and fastest memory in a
computer.
It is located in the CPU in the form of registers
Register temporarily holds frequently used data,
instructions and memory address that can be quickly
accessed by the CPU.
Types of Register Memory Address Register,Memory
Buffer Register, Memory Data Register(MDR).

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