Technology

Entrepreneurshi
p
Course Code: SEGE2933
Dr. Kashif Ali
 Assistant
PhD Professor
Graduate (Management)

HEC Assistanship
Scholarship
winner for PhD
MS (Project
mangement) UCP (2023)
Quality Management
/Operation & Strategic
Mgt. (2022)
Tution Fee + teaching
(2019-2022)
HRD initiative MS leading to
PhD Program of Faculty
COMSATS Univerity Development for
(2016) UESTPS/UETS, Phase-1 (2018)
 S = Skilful

Don’t
T = Truthful

Religious,
Political,
Do U = Unique

D = Devoted
Personal
conversation E = Enthusiastic

N = Novel

T = Thoughtful
ASSESSMENT STRUCTURE
Assessment Items
Percentage
Quiz(s) 10%
Assignments(s) 10%
Class Participation 10%
Midterm Examination 20%
Final Examination 40%
Project/Presentation 10%
Total 100%
LEARNING RESOURCES
Textbook
Technology Entrepreneurship by Thomas N. Duening, Robert D.Hisrich & Michael A. Lechter(Recommended)
Reference book
Introduction to Business by Jeff Madura 4th edition (Optional)

Web Resources
Provided by the instructor
Study Material (Case Study, Article, Journal etc.)
 Calendar of Activities
1st assignment 2nd assignment

1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week 5th Week 6th Week 7th Week 8th Week

1st quiz 2nd quiz

9th Week
Midterm
3rd quiz 4th quiz

10th Week 11th Week 12th Week 13th Week 14th Week 15th Week 16th Week 17th Week

3rd assignment 4th assignment

18th Week
Final
 Melanie Perkins
DOB: 1-12-1987
communications, psychology, and
commerce
University of Western Australia.
2007 Idea generation:
1st business venture called Fusion Book, an online platform that allowed
students to create and design their own school yearbooks. The idea came to
her when she noticed the cumbersome and outdated process of creating
yearbooks, and she saw an opportunity to modernize it.
Lesson learned: simplifying design processes through an intuitive and user-
friendly platform.

2007-2010 To taste of disappointment

Perkins and Cliff Obrecht (husband) try investors to invest in their venture start-
up but not convinced. Perkins and Obrecht were dismissed more than 100
times. “Rejection is painful, but failure was never an option… For better or
worse, I don’t give up easy when I set my mind to something. “Being rejected a
lot in our early stages only meant I had to work harder and tweak my strategy,”

2011 Breakthrough
Valley venture financier named Bill Tai (competent kitesurfer ) arrived at Perth
to judge a company competition in 2011
Dennis Hope
Victor Lustig
 Business mean What?

It comes from English words

“Busi+Ness”, which mean a
legal process of production,
purchasing and selling to
earn profit.
 Business mean What?

• Planning
• Purchase Core activities
• Production

Business •
•
Sale
Insurance

Supporting
activities
• Market research
• Grading & Standardization
• Advertisement & publicity
 Nature and Scope

• Resource utilization • Employment

• Division of labor • Improved living
• Encouraging saving standards
• Increase of govt. • Urbanization
revenue • International
relationship

Economic Social
 Business mean What?

Business • Special knowledge is needed.

• Need knowledge by training and
skills.
• An active member of professional
organization.
• Main objective to deliver service
Occupation for livelihood.
• Follow ethical codes for the
guidance of conduct.
 Business mean What?
A decade old recipe
Write
Assemble Start
business
a team selling
plan

75%
Product
Pitch to
introdu
investor ction
 Business mean What?

Selecting resources to Imagining a possible new

achieve a predetermined end using a given set of
goal resources
 Trends and Opportunities in Technology Entrepreneurship
• Box.Com
Cloud • Dropbox

• SecureSet Academy-Training for

Professional
• Palo Alto Networks (Cyber invasions of
Cybersecurity corporate security)
• Red Team Security
• BlackHat

• Twitch.tv
E-sport • Esport
Trends and Opportunities in Technology Entrepreneurship

• AgEagle (agriculture)
• EHang (personal transportation)
Drones • General Atomic (Military)
• DroneGenuity (Photography)

• WayPiont (Personal care)

• Starship (Delivery)
Robotics & AI • Knightscope (Security)
• Mazor (Medical)
• Tesla
Alternative • Pattern Energy
energy
• First Solar
Trends and Opportunities in Technology Entrepreneurship
Distinguishing Ideas, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
 Motives & functions of a Business

Business
Resources?
Value
Stakeholder?
Decision to Business
Create a Key managers Performance
Business functions

Environmental
Concerns?
 1. The Goals of a Business

Low
expenses Profit

Attract
customer
Demand
for
product/
service
 The Goals of a Business
How the Profit Motive is Influenced by the Government

Free- 1. China
market Socialistic 2. North Korea
3. Cuba
4. Vietnam
5. Laos
 2. Key resources
Natural any resources that can be used
in their natural form

knowledge or tools used

to produce products and
services
the creation of
Entrepre
business ideas and the
neurship Resources Human
willingness to take risk;
the act of creating,
organizing, and
people who are able to perform
managing a business
work for a business

machinery, equipment, tools,

and physical facilities used by a Capital
business
 3. Key Stakeholders
Stakeholder: Those
people are affected by the
business and therefore Owners
have a stake in it.

Financial institutions or
Customers Creditors individuals who
provide loans.

employees who are

responsible for managing
Suppliers Employees job assignments of other
employees and making key
business decisions
 Interaction among stakeholders

$(Invested) Product/services
Owners of Firms run by
Customers
firms its employee

$(Dividends) $( $ (Purchase)
Pa
ym
en

)
ts

f
s
su

o
an
pp f or

an nt
Lo
lie s

Lo yme
up

$(
rs

s)
p li

pa
er
s)

re
Creditors $( Suppliers
 4. Business Environment

1 Social
Demographic (male/female, children, adult, geographical)

Industry
The industry environment represents the conditions within the firm’s
2 industry to which the firm is exposed. The conditions in each industry vary
according to the demand and the competition.

Economic
Economic conditions have a strong impact on the performance of each
3 business. When the economy is strong, employment is high, and
compensation paid to employees is also high.

Global
The global environment may affect all firms directly or indirectly.
4 Some firms rely on foreign countries for some of their supplies or sell
their products in various countries.
 5. Key types of Business Decisions
5. Information systems
include information technology,
4. Accounting people, and procedures that work
summary and analysis of together to provide appropriate
the firm’s financial information to the firm’s employees
condition so they can make business decisions

1. Management
means by which
employees and other 3. Finance is
resources (such as the means by
machinery) are used by which firms
the firm obtain and use
funds for their
business
operations.

2. Marketing is the means by which products (or services) are

developed, priced, distributed, and promoted to customers.
How business Decisions Affect Performance
 Forms of Business

Sole A business owned by a single owner.

Proprietorship

Form
Partnership A business owned by a two or more
s people.

A state-chartered entity that pays

Corporation taxes and is legally distinct from its
owners.
 1. Sole Proprietorship

Advantage 1. All earnings go to 1. Incurs all losses

the sole proprietor. 2. Unlimited liability
2. Easy organization 3. Limited funds
3. Complete control 4. Limited skills
4. Lower taxes

Disadvantage
 2. Partnership
General In a general partnership, all partners have unlimited liability. That is,
or the partners are personally liable for all obligations of the firm.
unlimited

Conversely, in a limited partnership, the firm has some limited partners,

or partners whose liability is limited to the cash or property they
contributed to the partnership. Limited partners are only investors in
the partnership and do not participate in its management, but because
Limited they have invested in the business, they share its profits or losses.
A limited partnership has one or more general partners.
 2. Partnership

1. Additional Funding 1. Control is shared

2. Losses are shared 2. Unlimited liability
3. More Specialization 3. Profits are shared
 2. Partnership
• S-Corporations
A firm that has 100 or fewer owners and satisfies other criteria may
choose to be a so-called S corporation. The owners of an S-corporation
have limited liability (like owners of corporations), but they are taxed
as if the firm were a partnership.
• Limited liability company (LLC)
A firm that has all the favorable features of a typical general
partnership but also offers limited liability for the partners
 3. Corporation
A state-chartered entity that pays taxes and
is legally distinct from its owners

A document used to
General guidelines for
incorporate a business. The
charter describes important Charter Bylaws managing a firm
aspects of the corporation.
 3. Corporation
Proportion of Business Revenue
Generated by Each Form of
Proportion of Existing Ownership
Businesses under Each Form
of Ownership Part
ner-
ship
Sole Proprietorships 4%
6%
Corporation
20%

Partnership
10%

Sole Pro-
prietorships
70%

Corporation
90%
 3. Corporation

Pri Pu
vat bli
e c
People become owners of a corporation Most large corporations are
by purchasing shares of stock. Many publicly held, meaning that
small corporations are privately held, shares can be easily purchased or
meaning that ownership is restricted to sold by investors.
a small group of investors.
Advantage
3. Corporation
1. Limited 1. High
organizational
liability expenses
2. Access to 2. Financial Agency problem
funds disclosure means when managers
3. Transfer to 3. Agency problem do not act as

Disadvantage
Ownership responsible agents for
4. High taxes the shareholders who
own the business
 Obtaining Ownership of an existing business

Family Performance is
01 Ownership predictable.
Predetermined process.

Purchasing as existing
business 02
Reasons: financial issues or
death or retirement of owner.
Decision: Historical sale, An arrangement whereby a
personal relationships business owner allows
(hairstyling, grocery store,). 03 Franchising others to use its trademark,
trade name, or copyright,
under specific conditions
Obtaining Ownership of an existing business
Franchise types
Distributorship

01 A type of franchise in which a dealer is allowed to

sell a product produced by a manufacturer

Chain-style business

02
A type of franchise in which a firm is allowed to use the
trade name of a company and follows guidelines related
to the pricing and sale of the product.

Manufacturing arrangement

03
A type of franchise in which a firm is allowed to
manufacture a product using the formula provided by
another company.
 Franchise

Advantage 1. Proven
management 1. Sharing profits
style 2. Less control
2. Name
recognition

Disadvantage
3. Financial
support
 Franchising

Weal
Job
th
creat
creat
ion
ion
 Franchising
Economic output of franchise establishments in the United
Based on International Franchise association report 20222
States from 2007 to 2022 with a forecast for 2023(in billion
U.S. dollars)
Trends and Opportunities in Technology Entrepreneurship