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Lecture 2

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9 views

Lecture 2

Uploaded by

hamza najm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biological

interventions
 Environment
 Environmental biotechnology
 Intervention
 Microbes
 Bioremediation
Contents,,,  Endocrine disrupter
 Pollution
 Sewage treatment
 Biological waste treatment
 Genetic manipulation
 Bio reactor
 gmo.
Environment,,,

 The area where the organism live, interact and freely interbreed is known as
environment
 Basically environment consist on two basic component;
Biotic component
A biotic component
 Environment – describes everything that surrounds a particular organism
Other organisms
Soil, air, water
Temperature, humidity, radiation
Environmental biotechnology

 Environmental biotechnology is the solving of environmental problems


through the application of biotechnology.
 the development, use and regulation of biological systems
for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air,
water), and for environment-friendly.
What does Intervention stand for,,,

 The thing which may affect the other things and bring changes regardless
of there aspect either it may positive or negative.
 optimization of the activities of particular organisms, or even whole
biological communities, to bring about any desired given end, typically
requires manipulation of local conditions.
Microbes,,,

 Microscopic organisms which uses in various research process for new


discoveries e.g. bacteria, viruses etc.
 Archie bacteria is most targeted due to some extra features,it include.
Methanogens
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Bioremediation…

 the use of microorganisms to remedy environmental problems


 SO How bioremediation is used depends on
1) what is contaminated? (locations)
2) on the types of chemicals that need to be cleaned up
3) the concentration of the contaminants (amount and
duration)
Continue,,,,

 Phytomediation
 Utilizing plants to clean up chemicals
 Ex: cottonwoods, poplar, juniper trees, grasses, alfalfa
 Low cost, low maintenance and it adds beauty to the site
Endocrine disrupters,,

 Endocrine disruptors are natural or man-made chemicals that may mimic or interfere
with the body's hormones, known as the endocrine system.

 These include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs),


and dixons.

 Other examples of endocrine disruptors include bisphenol A (BPA) from plastics,


dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from pesticides, vinclozolin from fungicides,
and diethylstilbestrol (DES) from pharmaceutical agents.
Pollution,,

 Pollution of the environment’ means pollution of the environment due to the


release (into any environmental medium) from any process of substances which
are capable of causing harm to man or any other living organisms supported by
the environment.

 the escape of any substance capable of causing harm to man or any other living
organism supported by the environment.
Sewage Treatment,,

 the aims of treatment can be summarized as the reduction of the total


biodegradable material present, the removal of any co-existing toxic substances
and the removal and/or destruction of pathogens.
 Algal Treatment Systems (ATS)
 Algae have principally been employed to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from
wastewaters, though some organic chemicals can also be treated, and a relatively
new application has emerged which makes use of their efficient carbon
sequestration potential.
Biological Waste Treatment,,

1. Reducing the potential for adverse effects to the environment or human


health.
2. Reclaiming valuable minerals for reuse.
3. Generating a useful final product.
Genetic Manipulation,,

 Genes have been manipulated by man for a very long time, that is if selective
breeding, which has been practiced for centuries in agriculture and else where to
develop desirable characteristics in domesticated animals and plants.
 Genomic libraries
 cDNA libraries
 Polymerase chain reaction
 Cloning vectors
 Expression vectors
 Reporter gene
How are GMOs generated?

...uses tools of molecular


genetics,
- i.e. applied bacteria and
virus genetics.
insert into plant
…via biolistics
- or - Agrobacterium tumefaceins
Bioreactors,,,

 Any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a


biologically active environment.
Environment is more easily controlled
Better control over density.

 Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane process like


microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process,
the activated sludge process.
 It is now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
an k y o u
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