APEX INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Artificial Intelligence (20CSD-385)

Faculty: Ankur Sharma(E13693)

Lecture – 3.1.3
Expert system DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
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Artificial Intelligence : Course Objectives
COURSE OBJECTIVES
(AI) is a research field that studies how to realize the intelligent human
behaviors on a computer. The ultimate goal of AI is to make a computer that
can learn, plan, and solve problems autonomously. Although AI has been studied
for more than half a century, we still cannot make a computer that is as
intelligent as a human in all aspects, The main research topics in AI include:
problem solving, reasoning, planning, natural language understanding, computer
vision, automatic programming, machine learning, and so on. Of course, these
topics are closely related with each other. In this course, we will study the
most fundamental knowledge for understanding AI. We will introduce some basic
search algorithms for problem solving; knowledge representation and reasoning;
pattern recognition; fuzzy logic; and neural networks 2
COURSE OUTCOMES

On completion of this course, the students shall be able to:-

CO3 Design and Analyse search algorithms on

well formulated problems.

CO4 Evaluate the problem using Propositional

and First order logic.
CO5 Create and Plan Expert System for
implementation

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 Unit-3 Syllabus
Unit-3 Contact
Hours:15
hours
Ch1.Expert Expert systems: - Introduction, basic concepts,
systems structure of expert systems, the human element in
expert systems how expert systems works, problem
areas addressed by expert systems, expert systems
success factors, types of expert systems.
Ch2.Game Game playing Min-Max Search, Alpha-Beta Pruning
playing
Ch3. AI application in IoT(Internet of Things ), decision
Application making , predictive analysis and adaptive analytics
in IoT

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SUGGESTIVE READINGS
• TEXT BOOKS
T1. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig. Prentice-Hall, 2003
(2ndEdition).
T2. Elaine Riche, Kevin Knight and Shivashankar B. Nair, “Artificial Intelligence”, Third Edition, TMH
Educations Pvt. Ltd., 2008

• REFERENCE BOOKS
R1 Nils J. Nilsson, “The Quest for Artificial Intelligence”, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press,
2009

R2 Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems – Dan W. Patterson, Prentice Hall of India

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COURSE OUTCOMES

On completion of this course, the students shall be able to:-

CO4 Co4 Design and evaluate intelligent expert models for perception and
prediction from intelligent environment.

CO5
CO5 Understanding and Implementation of Expert Systems and different
Gaming playing approaches for different types of AI applications

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 Unit-3 Syllabus
Unit-3 Contact
Hours:15 hours

Ch1.Expert systems Expert systems: - Introduction, structure of expert systems,

Expert System Life Cycle, problem areas addressed by
expert systems, Application of Expert, Knowledg Acquisition
Types of expert systems.

Ch2.Game playing Game playing Min-Max Search, Alpha-Beta

Pruning,MonkeyBanana Problem,Water Jug Problem

Ch3. Modern AI application, decision making , predictive

Application in Modern AI analysis and adaptive analytics

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 Steps to Develop an Expert System:

Steps to Develop an Expert System:

An expert system (ES) was developed and refined over several years. Expert System
Life Cycle has five stages –
Step1: Identification: Determining the characteristics of the problem.

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 Knowledge Acquisition

Knowledge acquisition is the process used to define the rules and ontologies required for a knowledge-
based system. The phrase was first used in conjunction with expert systems to describe the initial tasks
associated with developing an expert system, namely finding and interviewing domain experts and
capturing their knowledge via rules, objects, and frame based ontologies.

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Knowledge Acquisition

Knowledge acquisition module allows system to acquire

knowledge about
the problem domain.
● Sources of Knowledge for ES
− text books, reports, case studies,
− empirical data
− domain expert experience.
● Updation of Knowledge can be done using knowledge
acquisition module of the system.
− insertion,
− deletion
− updation of existing knowledge

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 Development of Expert System
•Firstly, ES should be fed with expert knowledge. In the case of
MYCIN, human experts specialized in the medical field of
bacterial infection, provide information about the causes,
symptoms, and other knowledge in that domain.
•The KB of the MYCIN is updated successfully. In order to test it,
the doctor provides a new problem to it. The problem is to identify
the presence of the bacteria by inputting the details of a patient,
including the symptoms, current condition, and medical history.
•The ES will need a questionnaire to be filled by the patient to
know the general information about the patient, such as gender,
age, etc.
•Now the system has collected all the information, so it will find
the solution for the problem by applying if-then rules using the
inference engine and using the facts stored within the KB.
•In the end, it will provide a response to the patient by using the
user interface

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Types of Expert Systems
•Rule-based expert system: In this type of system the set of rules can be considered as the
knowledge base.

•Fuzzy logic expert system: In this type of system the solution of the problem is given by making a
difference between the members of the class from the members who are not part of the class.

•Frame-based expert system: This type of system stores and share the data using the frame
structure.

•Neural expert system: Wights of neurons are used for storing the information more formally we
can say such a kind of system uses the knowledge base based on the neural network knowledge base
system.

•Neuro-fuzzy expert system: This type of system is a combination of the neural expert system and
the fuzzy logic expert system which makes the calculation using the fuzzy logic and storage of the
information using the weights of neurons.

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 Rule Based Expert Systems

A rule based expert system is one in which knowledge base is in "If symptoms are fever, cough, running_nose, rash and
the form conjunctivitis
of rules and facts. then patient probably has measles".
− Knowledge in the form of rules and facts is most popular way ● Prolog is most suitable for implementing such systems.
in hypothesis(measles) :- symptom(fever), symptom(cough),
designing expert systems. symptom(running_nose),symptom(conjunctivitis),
● It is also called production system. symptom(rash).
● Example: Suppose doctor gives a rule for measles as follows:

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Examples of Expert Systems
There are various domains where we can see the use of the export system. Some of the examples of expert
systems are as follows.

•SHINE: This system is designed for analyzing and monitoring the real-time or non-real-time systems
which are designed by NASA.

•MUDMAN: MUDMAN is an expert system that helps the on-site engineer do the job more consistently
designed by N L Baroid Company
•.
•PROSPECTOR: PROSPECTOR helps the United States in geological survey and exploration of
geological minerals. Designed by the SRI’s Artificial Intelligence Center.

•XCON: XCON is a rule-based expert system that is designed to automatically select the computer system
components based on the customer’s requirements.

•CaDet: CaDet is an Expert System that is designed to help in identifying cancer at early stages.

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REFERENCES
• Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig. Prentice-Hall, 2003 (2nd
Edition).

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]
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