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5th Week Lec 18102023 085155pm

The document discusses the history and geopolitics of Afghanistan and Kashmir in relation to Pakistan. It covers topics like the Durand Line, 1979 Afghan war, 9/11 scenario, Kashmir issue and the recent abrogation of Article 370 and 35A revoking Jammu and Kashmir's special status.

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Muhammad Sarmad
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24 views

5th Week Lec 18102023 085155pm

The document discusses the history and geopolitics of Afghanistan and Kashmir in relation to Pakistan. It covers topics like the Durand Line, 1979 Afghan war, 9/11 scenario, Kashmir issue and the recent abrogation of Article 370 and 35A revoking Jammu and Kashmir's special status.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sarmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Afghanistan and Kashmir

Issue and Geopolitics of


Pakistan
Lecture 5
Muhammad Tariq
• - Fragile Afghanistan in History
Afghanistan • - Durand Line Issue
and • - 1979 Afghan war
Kashmir • - 9/11 scenario
Issue – • - Current situation & Impact on Pakistan
• - Brief History of Kashmir
Geopolitics
• - Abrogation Of Special Status of Kashmir
of Pakistan
4
RUSSIA AND AFGHANISTAN ON THE MAP
Border of Afghanistan with Pakistan

• The length of Pak-Afghan Border is the 2,640-kilometer (1,640-mile). The


border was formed as a result of an agreement between Sir Mortimer
Durand, a secretary of the British Indian government, and Abdul Rahman
Khan, the emir, or Ruler, of Afghanistan. The agreement was signed on
November 12, 1893, in Kabul, Afghanistan. The border was later
recognized as the international border.
• https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/
GEO STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE

8
THE WAR OF
CORRIDORS

 BRI – Blue
 North-South Corridor –
Purple
 IMEC - Green

9
Durand Line
Sources of Afghan Economy
Torkhum Border
Historical Context
Historical Context
Kashmir Issue-Recent Development
The Context

• Article 370 and Article 35A were significant provisions of the Indian
Constitution that granted a special autonomous status to the state of
Jammu and Kashmir within the Indian Union. They were designed to
safeguard the rights and autonomy of the region due to its unique
historical and political context.
Article 370 & 35A

Article 370: This article was included in the Indian Constitution in 1949.
It granted special autonomous status to the state of Jammu and
Kashmir, allowing it to have its own constitution, flag, and significant
autonomy over internal matters, with the exception of foreign affairs,
defense, and communications. It was intended as a temporary
provision, pending a final resolution of the state's political status.
Article 370 & 35A

Article 35A: Article 35A was inserted into the Indian Constitution
through a Presidential order in 1954. This article empowered the state's
legislature to define "permanent residents" and provide them with
certain exclusive rights and privileges, particularly in matters of land
ownership and government employment. This provision aimed to
protect the demographic and cultural uniqueness of the region.
Abrogation of Article 370 & 35A

On August 5, 2019, the Government of India, led by the Bharatiya


Janata Party (BJP), made a historic decision to abrogate Article 370 and
Article 35A, thereby revoking the special status of Jammu and Kashmir.
This decision was accompanied by a number of significant changes.
Challenges-Abrogation of Article 370 & 35A

Reorganization of the State: The state of Jammu and Kashmir was


reorganized into two separate union territories - Jammu and Kashmir,
and Ladakh.

Complete Integration: The abrogation was seen as an attempt to fully


integrate Jammu and Kashmir into the Indian Union and extend Indian
laws and rights to the region.
Challenges-Abrogation of Article 370 & 35A

Changes in Demographics and Property Rights: With the abrogation of


Article 35A, the exclusive rights and privileges enjoyed by the
"permanent residents" were revoked. This change allowed people from
other Indian states to buy land and settle in Jammu and Kashmir, which
was previously restricted.

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