CCNA Course

Introduction To Networking
 L2 & L3 Connections (
Network Routers
Switches Pint to Point )
Fundamental
– 20% SOS TCP &UDP IPv4
question in
CCNA Subnetting IPv6 Local
 Protocol
Network
Access –
20% IP C
IP
Connectivity
25%
IP
connectivity
10%
Network
Security
fundamental –
50%
 Automation &
Programmability -10%
Introduction to
Networking
 Network – More than 2 PC
connected in LAN it is called a
Network

Network – Networking – After creating

Networking Network then data is shared in the
network it is called Networking.
– Networker
Networker – who creates a
network is called as Networker.
 Local Area Network ( LAN )

Classificatio Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN )

n of
Computer
Network Wide Area Network ( WAN )

Campus Area Network ( CAN )

Local Area Network
( LAN )
• The Local Area Network is
common network domain that
connect a group of computer
System and network devices in a
Metropolitan
Area
Network
( MAN )
Wide Area
Network
Campus
Area
Network
( CAN )
Basics of Networking
Cables
 Basic Of
Networking
 There are Different types of cables
designed for Specific
requirements.

Cables
There are different Coaxial
types of cable cable
designed for specific Twisted pair

requirements. Fiber optic

 COAXIAL CABLE
The Coaxial cable is a common communication cable widely used in cable TV.

Cable Type Twisted Pair cable

UTP ( Unshielded twisted pair) – The UTP cable is a pair of copper wires wound by
plastic insulators. UTP is the cheapest form of cable available for networking
purposes. It is mostly used in Local Area Networks ( LAN ) environment
STP ( Shielded Twisted Pair) – The Shielded Twisted pair is a pair of wire wound
around each other and placed inside a protective foil wrap as protection from
crosstalk and electromagnetic Interface (EMI)
• The different types of UTP are CAT 5, 5e,6, 6a &7 • STP cables are expensive and need proper grounding and earthing for higher signals.
• UTP Cable is inexpensive lightweight and flexible

Fiber Optic – Fiber Optic is a high-speed communication

method that uses glass and fiber to transmit data from
one end to the other end by sending light pulses on
optic fibers.
 Straight–cable - The Straight Through cable is used to connect
different types of devices such as a router to switches, Switches to
PC, etc.

Crossover – Cable – The crossover cable is used to connect the same

type of device such as Router- to Router, Switch to Switch etc.

Cable Type RJ45 – Registered Jack RJ) 45 is used for connecting LAN segments. It
is an eight-wire connector commonly used in NIC cards. CAT-
2,3,4,5,5E,6,7 This is a UTP network cable standard wherein CAT.

Console Port – Every CISCO device will have a console port. This is a
direct management interface that gives administrative control over
Routers and Switches

Console Port – A console Port is an RJ45 interface that is directly

connected from either the PC COM port or Through USB.
Types of Topology
Part -1
 A topology provides a different layout to create a
network. While connecting computers and other
network devices together to form a networking
device together to form network, the user needs to
consider the structure, layout, and cabling

Network requirements.

Topology
MAP of Network.
 Logical Topology – Define the passage
Physical Topology – Create a Network of data through the network across
Physically. devices and how signals perform on the
network Media.

Type of
Topology Bus Topology – With a single cable all
PC connected coaxial cable with T Star Topology – In a Star- topology
connector. It will create collagen in N/w. system is connected to a central node
• This method makes it easy to connect a computer called a hub or switch. Devices
to a single cable communicate across the network by
• Entire Network shuts down if there is a break in passing data through the central node.
the cable. It is difficult to identify the cause of the one faulty node does not affect the rest
problem if N/w shut down.
n/w.
 Ring Topology – A train crosses all the platforms to reach its destination,
ring topology does the same to pass a message from one node to
another node. As a train crosses all the platforms to reach its destination,
ring topology does the same to pass a message from one node to
another node. If one of the nodes adds or removes network will shut
down. The speed of the topology is slow.

Type of Hybrid Topology – Hybrid topology is the combination of two or more

different n/w topologies. This is a mixture of both peer-to-peer & client-
Mesh server n/w. it can be either wired or wireless n/w. Here in this n/w, the
troubleshooting is far better than any other topology. This N/w is very

Topology
easily expanded. It is hard to understand network issues. Multi-station
access unit MAU is required.

Mesh Topology – All devices connected to each other with N-2. adding or
removing nodes in this n/w could be done easily without interrupting
the other nodes and the n/w. if one node fails there is always an
alternative one.it is very hard to configure the n/w and also very difficult
to maintain. It is expensive with the topology
 Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) and Internet
Protocol (IP) are two separate computer network
protocols that define a set of rules for given
communications among all devices connected to the
Internet. TCP transport is often used to transfer data
across IP n/w.

Thus the two protocols are used together so often that

TCP/IP Suite they are commonly referred to as TCP, IP, UDP, DNS,
HTTP, and ICMP. The TCP/IP stands are maintained by
the internet engineering task force (IETF) and are listed
through is requested for Comments (RFC) publications.

The TCP/IP reference model covers most of the popular

protocols used in n/w communications. Due to its
simplicity, it is still being adopted instead of the OSI
model.
 The TCP /IP reference model, also known as the
DARPA ( Defence Advanced Research Project Agency)

Comparing
model after the U.S. Govt. agency that initially
developed. It consists of a four-layer as opposed to
the seven-layer Open system (OSI) model. The four-

TCP/IP suite layer of the TCP/IP reference model are;

with OSI
Layer In this section we look into the four layers of the
TCP/IP reference model in detail, including their
functions, core protocols, and relationship to the OSI
model
 Application – This layer also defines the protocols
that application use for data transfer while many
new application layer protocols are being developed
continuously some of the protocols that are
currently use. Ex. HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, and RIP

TCP/IP ( encode, Decode, encryption) cover the

Presentation and session layer handled by the
application layer.

Layer
Properties
Internet Layer -
 Transport Layer – The Transport layer provides
“end to end “ communication to ensure that
packets arrive in sequence and without error. It
does so by acknowledging the reception of data
and transmitting lost packets. This layer uses

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User

Datagram Protocol (UDP) as its core Protocol.

Layer
Properties
Network Interface layer
OSI Model – Open System
Interconnection

• Open System Interconnection or OSI model

was first proposed by International Standards
Organisation (ISO) to solve the multiple
problems face in telecommunication.
• Application – Layer 7 ( Software base)
• Presentation – Layer 6
• Session – Layer 5
• Transport – Layer 4 ( Heart of OSI)
• Network – Layer 3
• Data Link – Layer 2
• Physical – Layer 1 ( Hardware base)
 Level at which applications access
network services.

Represents service that directly

Application supports software applications for file
Layer transfers, database access, electronic
mail, etc.
Ex. HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, DNS, SFTP, DHCP.
 Related to the representation of
transmitted data.

Translate different data representations

from the application layer into a uniform
Presentation standard format.

Layer
Providing services for secure efficient
data transmission.

EX. data encryption, and data

compression.
 Allows two applications on different
computers to establish, use and end a session

EX. File transfer, remote login.

Session
Establishes dialog control
Layer
Regulates which side transmits, plus when and
how long it transmits

Performs token management and

Sychronization.
 Manages transmission
packets.

Repackages long
messages, when
necessary, into small
packets for transmission.

Transport Reassembles packets in

the correct order to get
Layer the original message.

Handles error recognition

and recovery.

Transport layer at • TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol )

receiving acknowledge
packet delivery.
• UDP ( User Datagram Protocol )
 Manages traffic problems, such as switching,routing,
and controlling the congestion of data packets.

Routing can be used.

Network
Based on Static tables
Layer
Determined at start of each session

Individually determined for each packet, reflating the

current network load.
 Packages raw bits
from the physical
Provides reliable
layer into frames
transmission of
( logical,
frames
structured
Data Link packets for data).

Layer
It waits for an
Retransmits
acknowledgment
frames for which
from the
acknowledgment
receiving
is not recieved.
computer.
 Transmits bits from one computer to
another computer

Physical Regulates the transmission of a stream of

Layer bits over a physical medium

Defines how the cable is attached to the

network adapter and what transmission
technique is used to send data over the
cable.
Network Devices
Network
Devices
• Network is a collaboration or
connection of two or more zones
or devices through a common
linking method. The network
allows the nodes to share
resources between the liked
system. This is applicable in
telecommunication, the internet,
and even offline sharing.
Type of Network Devices

NIC Repeater HUB

Switch Gateway Router

Modem
Network
Protocols
Network Protocols
• HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) Port 80
• HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) Port 443
• Telnet (Command line Protocol)
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) – Use for discovering data link Layer.
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Port 67 for Server, for
workstation 68.
• IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol)
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) Port 69
• DNS ( Domain Name or Network System) Port 53
Next-Generation Firewalls