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Modelling Application

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p geetha rani
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9 views

Modelling Application

Uploaded by

p geetha rani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

1.

A model is an artificial re-creation of


an object and should behave in the Limitations of modelling
same way as the real thing e.g. a
model of a sports car built for testing 1. any model or simulation is
a wind tunnel only as good as the rules,
programmes and
equations it is based on.
2. A simulation is when the model is
used to carry out an activity that 2. Its important to test the
model, using situations
mimics real life – when designers where the actual results
use a model to stimulate what will are known.
happen when the bridge is actually 3. In this way the model and
used. simulation can be
improved.

3. A computer model is created using


programmed instructions and
equations e.g. a computer model of
the way an aircraft behaves when in
flight.
The Ups
1. Dangerous events can be studied, e.g.
the effect of a nuclear explosion
2. The model can be used to make
predictions e.g. the speed at which a car
loses control on a bend.
3. Running a simulation may be cheaper
than using the real thing e.g. crashing a
car.

The Downs
1. The model might not be an accurate
representation of the real world – so the
simulation might give misleading results.
2. Producing an effective model might be
time-consuming – and running the
simulation might require expensive
hardware and software.
Three Reasons why Spreadsheets make Good Models
1. Spreadsheets use formulas to try to describe the rules that a real world
object seems to follow. Input values can then be processed using these
formulas to produce output values.

2. Spreadsheets can be used to carry out a what-if analysis. This is when


the user changes input values to see the effect on the output of the
model. So companies can ask questions like, “what would be the effect
on profits if I invested this much money on new machinery?”

3. The output can be in the form of graphs and charts to make the
predictions of the model easier to understand.
The sorts of what-if questions could be:

• 'If the cost of food rises by 10%, how much will that decrease the profit we
make for the school fete?“

• "If I reduce the number of staff in my business by two, what effect will that
have on the profit at the end of this month?"

• Trying out different scenarios like this is called 'modelling'.

Modelling works well in spreadsheets because all of the calculations have


been set up using formulas. So, when you change one value e.g. food cost,
all of the values related to it, e.g. food cost, total costs, profit will change
automatically.
Variable, Formulae, Rules
and Functions
A model has 4 main characteristics that allow in to manipulate numbers and
text. These features allow the model to recalculate values when a number
changes. These featured are:

• variables – is an identifier associated with a particular cell. Within the cell


there will be a particular value.

• Formulae – is the way that a calculation is represented in a spreadsheet.. It


uses numbers, and mathematical operations

• Rules – set of procedures that must be followed. Can also be a sequence of


events required for the calculation to work.

• Functions – used to represent a formula that is too complex or too long to


expect an ordinary user to enter.
e.g. SUM: add a range of cells and gives the total.
MAX: gives maximum value from a list
Flight Simulator
• A computer simulation is a special type of computer model which recreates a
system, that might exist outside the computer.
• Often used to train people how to deal with situations that are too difficult, expensive
or dangerous to recreate and practise for real.
• One example of a simulation is a flight simulator.

A flight simulator is a working replica of the flight deck of an aircraft mounted on


hydraulic supports that create a realistic feeling of movement.
• Simulation software provides a view of the simulated outside
world through the cockpit window, controls the instrument readings
and responds to commands given by the pilot.
• The main advantage of a flight simulator is that pilots can
practice how to deal with dangerous situations without putting lives
at risk or damaging expensive equipment. The instructor can set up:
• any airport
• any weather conditions
• engine, hydraulic, electrical or other ‘failures’

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