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Lecture 1

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7 views

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

zdtfwn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Organic Chemistry

Origin of organic compounds


Naturally occurring organic compounds are found
in plants, animals, and fossil fuels
All of these have a plant origin
Hydrocarbons
_Contain carbon
_ Have covalent bonds
_Have low melting points
_Have low boiling points
_ Burn in air (oxygen)
_Are soluble in nonpolar solvents
_Form large molecules
Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Aromatic

Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes


Hydrocarbons

Alkanes are hydrocarbons in


Aliphatic which all of the bonds are single
bonds.

Alkanes H H

H C C H

H H
Hydrocarbons

Alkenes are hydrocarbons


Aliphatic
that contain a carbon-carbon
double bond.

Alkenes H H

C C

H H
Hydrocarbons

Alkynes are hydrocarbons that


contain a carbon-carbon triple bond
Aliphatic

Alkynes

HC CH
Hydrocarbons

The most common aromatic


hydrocarbons are those that Aromatic
contain a benzene ring
H

H H

H H

H
Introduction
• Originally from “organic” meaning life
• Not just chemistry of life, chemistry of carbon
• Exceptions:
– oxides of carbon (CO2, CO)
– carbonates,bicarbonates(NaHCO3,CaCO3)
– cyanides (NaCN, etc)

One C with no H, or with metal C C C


• Carbon can form four bonds…
C C
Carbon forms four bonds
• Carbon can form four bonds, and forms
strong covalent bonds with other elements
• This can be represented in many ways …
O Cl CH3 CH3
H Cl
C C CH C
H3C CH3
C C Cl C CH
CH3 CH3
H H CH CH

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3


H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl
• There are other names that describe patterns
of atoms that are parts of functional groups.
• “Hydroxyl” refers to –OH
• “Carbonyl” refers to C=O
• “Carboxyl” refers to COOH

Q: which functional groups contain a hydroxyl


group? A carbonyl group? A carboxyl group?
Hydroxyl: alcohols, carboxylic acids. Carbonyl:
aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters.
Carboxyl: carboxylic acids

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